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APHG U1 Vocab

TermDefinition
Absolute Location The exact location of an object, usually expressed in coordinates using longitude and latitude
Census Data Data from an official count of the number of people in a defined area. Could also refer to a number of surveys conducted by the US Census Bureau
Clustering When things are close together and more packed in
Dispersal When things are farther apart and more spread out or distributed
Distance Decay The effect of distance on interations
Environmental Determinism A theory that argues that human behavior is largely controlled by the physical environment
Field Observations Going out into the "field" and observing things first-hand (documentaries, written accounts, etc.)
Formal (uniform) Region An area that has one or more shared traits (physical, cultural, etc.)
Functional (nodal) Region An area organized by it's function around a focal point, or the center of an interest or activity
GII Gender Inequality Index- a composite measure that reflects gender-based disparities in reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market
GIS Geographic Information Systems- Captures, stores, organizes, and displays geographic data that can be used to configure simple or complex maps by layering information
Map Projection The process of a cartographer sowing the curved surface of the Earth on a (map) flat surface
Map Scale The mathematical relationship between the size of a map and the part of the real world it shows
Perceptual (vernacular) Region A type of region that reflects people's feelings and attitudes about a place
Place A location on Earth that is distinguished by its physical and human characteristics
Possibilism Acknowledges the limitations imposed by the natural environment, but focuses on the role of human culture to modify and respond to the environment to better fit human needs
Quantitative Analysis Information measured by numbers such as populations, years
Qualitative Analysis Information measured by observations and interpretations of data sources such as field observations, media reports
Reference Map A map that is a generalizes source of geographic data that focuses on location (think road map, gets you where you want to go)
Region An area of Earth's surface with certain characteristics that make it distinct from other areas
Relative Location A description of where a place is in relation to other places or features
Remote Sensing A method of gathering data without making physical contact- most rely on satellites or aircraft based sensors
Satellite Imagery Images of Earth's surface captured by satellites orbiting the planet
Scale Analysis (Inquiry) The level at which a geographic phenomenon is studied, ranging from local to global
Site A place's location and it's physical characteristics
Situation A place's location in relation to other places or its surrounding features
Sustainibility The use of Earth's land and natural resources in ways that ensure they will continue to be available in the future
Thematic Map A map that has a theme or specific purpose and focuses on the relationship among geographical data
Choropleth Uses colors or shades to show distribution of data
Dot-Density Each dot represents a quantity, may use colors
Graduated Symbol Uses symbols or dots of differing sizes to indicate different amounts
Cartogram Sizes of countries are shown based on data
Isoline uses lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations (used mostly for weather and elevations)
Time-Space Compression Brings people in distant places closer together (due to globalization, increased technology, and increased transportation)
World Systems Theory (Wallerstein) A theory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein that categorizes countries into three different tiers: core, periphery, and semi-periphery
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