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NPTE Physical Agents
Modalities & Equipment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Temperature guidelines for full body immersion Hydrotherapy | Water temperature should not exceed 34 degrees C (100 degrees F) |
| Temperature guidelines for Hydrotherapy for chronic conditions | Do best with water temperatures between 37.2-40 degrees C (99-104 degrees F) |
| General Intensity parameters for Ultrasound | 0.5-1.3 w/cm2 (dependent upon treatment condition) |
| In general, intensity of Ultrasound for acute conditions or thin tissue | Lower intensities and pulsed Ultrasound |
| In general, intensity of Ultrasound for chronic conditions or thick tissue | Higher intensities and continuous Ultrasound |
| Contraindications for Traction | Impaired cognitive function, spinal tumors or infections, spondylolistheis, RA, osteoporosis, very young & very old patients, vascular compromise |
| Contraindications for Intermittent Compression | Acute inflammation or infection of treatment area, acute DVT or pulmonary edema, arterial insufficiency, cancer, diminished skin sensation, HTN, very young & frail elderly pts, cardiac or kidney insufficiency |
| Neck position for cervical traction to increase intervertebral space of C1-C4 | 0-5 degrees of flexion |
| Neck position for cervical traction to increase intervertebral space of C5-C7 | 20-30 degrees of flexion |
| Neck position for cervical traction to treat disc dysfunction | 0 degrees of flexion |
| Pounds required in cervical traction to cause joint distraction | 20-30 pounds ~ 13-20% body weight |
| Pounds required in lumbar traction to cause joint distraction | 50% body weight |
| What is the polarity & use of Dexamethasone? | Negative, inflammation |
| What is the polarity & use of Acetic Acid? | Negative, Calcium deposits, myositis ossificans |
| What is the polarity & use of Lidocaine? | Positive, Analgesia & inflammation |
| What is the polarity & use of Iodine? | Negative, Scars & adhesive capsulitis |
| What is the polarity & use of Hydrocortisone? | Positive, inflammation |
| Under which electrode should you place Dexamethasone? | Cathode |
| Under which electrode should you place Lidocaine? | Anode |
| Under which electrode should you place Calcium? | Anode |
| Under which electrode should you place Hydrocortisone? | Anode |
| Under which electrode should you place Iodine? | Cathode |
| Conventional TENS treatment parameters | High Frequency: 75-120pps Short Pulse Width: 50-100 microsecs Low Intensity Duration: 20-60 minutes |
| Acupuncture-like TENS treatment parameters | Low Frequency: 1-4pps Wide Pulse Width: 150-300 microsecs Higher intensities Duration: 30-40 minutes |
| Brief Intense TENS treatment parameters | High Frequency: 150pps Wide Pulse Width: 300 microsecs Duration: 15 minutes |
| Burst Mode TENS treatment parameters | Combines characteristics of high & low rate TENS Duration: 20-30 minutes |
| Define Duty Cycle | Current "on" time versus "off" time in seconds expressed as a ratio |
| What should the duty cycle be for a patient with severe atrophy? | 1:5 or 1:10 |
| What should the duty cycle be for a patient with minimal or no atrophy? | 1:1 or 1:2 |
| True or False: Alternate Current is more tolerable for patients than Direct Current. | True |
| According to Wallerian Degeneration, How long does it take a nerve to degenerate? | 7-14 days |
| How many pounds of force should be used during mechanical traction for lumbar spine at initial treatment? | 30 lbs max |
| How many pounds of force should be used during mechanical traction for cervical spine at initial treatment? | 10 lbs max |
| BNR | SPI:SAI lower ratio is optimal |
| Duty Cycle | on/on+off x 100 |
| Temperature of a cold pack | 25 F |
| High or low sensitivity for muscle relaxation during bio-feedback? | High |
| How can you progress biofeedback parameters for muscle relaxation? | increase sensitivity, move electrodes farther together |
| High or low sensitivity for muscle re-edu during bio-feedback? | Low sensitivity |
| How can you progress biofeedback for muscle re-edu? | Add complex activities |
| What represents current for ESTIM? | Amperes |
| How is resistance measured for ESTIM? | Ohms = voltage/current |
| What is the polarity & use of Calcium Chloride? | Negative, scars and muscle spasms |
| What is the polarity & use of salicylates? | Negative, muscle and joint pain |
| What is the polarity & use of Zinc Oxide? | Positive, wound care |
| What is the polarity & use of Magnesium Sulfate? | Positive, muscle spasms and ischemia |
| What is the polarity & use of copper sulfate? | Positive, fungal infection |
| The positively charged ____ repels a positively charged chemical into the skin. | Anode |
| The negatively charged ____ repels a negatively charged chemical into the skin. | Cathode |
| Under which electrode should you place Zinc Oxide? | Anode |
| When doing ionto for wound care, the medicated pad should be placed where? | In wound bed |
| What type of ESTIM is used for wound care? | HVPS/Galavantic |
| Parameters for wound care ESTIM | Parameters:HVPS/Galavantic -Monophasic, Neg polarity to start (3d) then switch. -Freq: 80-120pps -Intensity: submotor (strong sensory) -Low Phase Duration <100usec |
| Pressure Ulcers: Stage 1 | Superficial Non Blanch-able, intact skin |
| Pressure Ulcers: Stage 2 | Partial Thickness Into dermis, shallow open ulcer with slough |
| Pressure Ulcers: Stage 3 | Full Thickness Into subcutaneous |
| Pressure Ulcers: Stage 4 | Full Thickness Into muscle, tendon or bone |
| Suspected Deep Pressure Ulcer | Purple coloring with intact skin. Boggy and warm |
| Unstageable | Covered with slough and eschar (do not remove!) |
| Wound classification: Superficial | Epidermis is intact Ex: non-blistering, sunburn |
| Wound classification: Partial Thickness | Through epidermis into dermis Ex: blisters (intact), skin tears |
| Wound classification: Full Thickness | Through dermis into subcutaneous fat |
| Wound classification: Subcutaneous | Through subcutaneous fat into mm, tendon or bone |
| How do superficial wounds heal? | inflammation |
| How do partial thickness wounds heal? | re-epithelization |
| How do full thickness and subcutaneous wounds heal? | secondary intention |
| Wagner Scale | 0: pre-ulcer, healed, not open 1: superficial, not into subcutaneous 2: deep through subcutaneous, exposing tendon, bone 3: deep with osteomyelitis 4: gangrene of digit 5: gangrene of foot |
| Burn Classification: name the different stages | superficial superficial partial deep partial full thickness subdermal |
| Superficial burns characteristics | Epidermis intact, non-blistering |
| Superficial Partial Thickness burns characteristics | Into upper dermis Blisters (intact), moist and weeping |
| Deep Partial Thickness burns characteristics | Through dermis, nerve endings, hair follicles and sweat glands injured. (decreased pain) Broken blisters Red, White and waxy, decreased capillary refill |
| Full Thickness burns characteristics | into subcutaneous dry and leathery little to no pain |
| Subdermal burns characteristics | into muscle, charred appearance -electrical burns |
Created by:
zimrizzle
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