Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cardiovascular Pharm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ace Inhibitors Treats? MOA Most common side effects *No contraindications of note* Safe in pregnancy? | -pril (lisinopril) Treats hypertension, heart failure MOA: Block production of angiotensin-2 Side effects: Severe hypotension, dry cough Not safe in pregnancy or lactation |
| ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers) Treats? MOA Most common side effects Age-based Contraindications Safe in pregnancy? | -sartan (valsartan) Treats Hypertension, CVA prevention, heart failure MOA: Block angiotensin II from being picked up by receptors Side effects: hypotension Age-based Contraindications: children under 6 Not safe in pregnancy |
| Aldosterone Antagonists Treats? MOA Most common side effects Safe in pregnancy? | -one (spironolactone) Treats hypertension, heart failure MOA: Block aldosterone receptors Side effects: hyperkalemia Safe in pregnancy, not lactation |
| Direct Renin Inhibitors Treats? MOA Most common side effects Age-based Contraindications Safe in pregnancy? | aliskiren Treats hypertension MOA: Binds with renin and blocks activation of angiotensin I Side effects: hypotension Age-based Contraindications: children Not safe in pregnancy, lactation |
| Calcium Channel Blockers Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safe in pregnancy? | -ipine (also diltiazem) Treats hypertension, dysrhythmias MOA: Block calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle leading to vasodilation Side effects: hypotension, reflex tachycardia Important Contraindications: children, use of grapefruit, use of St John's Wort Safe in pregnancy and lactation |
| Alpha1 Blockers Treats? MOA Most common side effects Safe in pregnancy? | -zosin (doxazosin) Treats hypertension, BPH MOA: Block alpha1 receptors which results in vasodilation Side effects: hypotension Safety in pregnancy and lactation has not been established |
| Beta Blockers Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications; special contraindication for metoprolol Safe in pregnancy? | -olol (metoprolol) Treat hypertension, dysrhythmias, myocardial infarction, heart failure MOA: Block beta receptors which results in decreased HR and contractility Side effects: Bradycardia Contraindications: Pt with bradycardia, > 1st degree block, severe HF. Metoprolol not approved under 6. Some are safe in pregnancy while others are not |
| Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | clonidine, methyldopa, guanfacine Treat hypertension, ADHD MOA: Selectively activate alpha 2 receptors in brainstem; reduces sympathetic stimulation of heart and associated vessels Side effects: Drowsiness Important contraindications: Anticoagulant therapy Safe in pregnancy |
| Alpha/Beta Blockers Treats? MOA Most common side effects Age-based & other important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | carvedilol, labetalol Treat hypertension MOA: Block both alpha & beta receptors; arteriole dilation; decrease HR & contractility Side effects: hypotension, bradycardia Contraindications: unstable HF, asthma Safe in pregnancy |
| Direct-Acting Vasodilators Treats? MOA Most common side effects *No important contraindications other than sensitivity to the drug* | hydralazine Treats hypertension, heart failure MOA: dilates arterioles which decreases peripheral resistance Side effects: reflex tachycardia, hypotension |
| Loop Diuretics Treats MOA Potassium wasting or sparing? Most common side effects Important contraindications Safe in pregnancy? | -ide (furosemide) Treats heart failure MOA: Blocks absorption of Na, Cl which carry fluid, increase urine Wasting Side effects: electrolyte imbalance, hypotension, OTOTOXICITY Contraindications: Anuria, electrolyte imbalance, dehydration Safety not established in pregnancy & lactation |
| Thiazide Diuretics Treats? MOA Potassium wasting or sparing? Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy | -thiazide (hydrochlorothiazide) Treats heart failure, hypertension MOA: Block reabsorption of Na, Cl & increases urine Potassium wasting Side effects: Electrolyte imbalance, dehydration Contraindications: anuria, electrolyte imbalance Use with caution in pregnancy & lactation |
| Potassium-sparing Diuretics Treats? MOA Most common side effects Contraindications Safety in pregnancy | spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride Treats hypertension, heart failure related edema MOA: Inc excretion of Na, dec excretion of K, inc urine Side effects: Electrolyte imbalance, similar fx as steroids Contraindications: renal failure, anuria, electrolyte imbalance Not safe in pregnancy |
| Cardiac Glycosides (Positive or negative inotropic?) Treats? MOA Most common side effects Signs of toxicity Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | digoxin (positive) Treats heart failure MOA: Increase contractility of heart, cardiac output Side effects: Dysrhythmias, blurred vision, halos Toxicity: nause, vomiting, anorexia Contraindications: severe heart disease Use with caution in pregnancy and lactation |
| Sympathomimetics (Positive or negative inotropic?) Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | dobutamine (positive) Treats severe heart failure MOA: Increase heart contractility & output Side effects: tachycardia, dysrhythmias Contraindications: allergy to sulfites, aortic stenosis Safety not established in pregnancy & lactation |
| Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (positive or negative inotropic?) Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | -none (milrinone) (positive) Treats heart failure MOA: Breaks down cAMP to increase heart contractility & output Side effects: dysrhythmias, chest pain Important contraindications: Semilunar valve disorders Safety not established in pregnancy & lactation |
| Angiotensin Receptor/Neprilysin Inhibitor Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | sacubitril/valsartan Treats hypertension & heart failure together MOA: reduces afterload, lowers blood pressure, easier for heart to pump Side effects: electrolyte imbalance, hypotension Contraindications: don't take with ACE or ARBs Not safe in pregnancy or lactation |
| Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (positive or negative?) Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy | -gliflozin (empagliflozin) (positive) Treats glucose in diabetes & heart failure MOA: dec blood volume, preload/afterload, blood pressure Side effects: DKA, hypoglycemia, hypotension Contraindications: Type 1 diabetes, severe renal disease, dialysis Use caution in pregnancy, do not use in lactation |
| HCN Blocker Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | ivabradine Treats worsening heart failure MOA: SA node is slowed down d/t HCN channels being blocked Side effects: bradycardia, hypotension, dysrhythmias, visual impairments Contraindications: Sudden worsening of HF, liver impairment, hypotension, pacemaker Not safe in pregnancy and lactation |
| Adrenergic Agonist Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | epinephrine Side effects: Chest pain, arrhythmias Contraindications: none Use in pregnancy & lactation in life threatening situations |
| Antidiuretic Hormone Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | vasopressin Treats shock MOA: Increases BP, decreases HR & output Side effects: Inc BP, arrhythmias, chest pain Contraindications: none Use cautiously in pregnancy and lactation |
| HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | -statin (atorvastatin) Treats high LDL & VLDL MOA: Inhibit the enzyme that synthesizes cholesterol in the liver Side effects: Typically none Contraindications: Liver disease, children under 8 Not safe in pregnancy or lactation |
| Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important Contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | ezetimibe Treats elevated LDL MOA: Prevents absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine Side effects: joint pain, fatigue Contraindiciations: severe liver disease Not safe in pregnancy & lactation |
| Bile-Acid Sequestrants Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important Contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | cholestyramine Treats cholesterol MOA: Prevent reabsorption of bile acid to prevent absorption of cholesterol Side effects: None - not absorbed into blood stream Contraindications: bowel obstruction, biliary obstruction May interfere with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and cause deficiencies in pregnancy and for infant during lactation |
| Fibrates Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | gemfibrozil Treats plasma triglycerides MOA: Increases production of the enzyme that decreases production of triglycerides Side effects: nause, diarrhea Contraindications: liver dysfunction, renal impairment May be used in 2nd & 3rd trimesters, avoid during lactation |
| PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibitors Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | alirocumab Treats elevated LDL levels MOA: Causes an increase in LDL receptors which causes an increase in the rate the LDL is cleared from the blood Side effects: injection site reactions, flu like symptoms, muscle pain Contraindications: latex allergy Safety not established in pregnancy & lactation |
| Short-interfering RNA Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | inclisiran Decreases LDL levels MOA: Decreases PCSK9 which causes increase in LDL receptors to clear LDL from blood faster Side effects: injection site reactions Contraindications: None Not safe for pregnancy, may be okay in lactation |
| Adenosine Triphosphate-Citrate Lyase Inhibitors Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | bempedoic acid Decreases LDL levels MOA: Decreases production of LDL cholesterol in the liver Side effects: tendon rupture, elevated liver enzymes Contraindications: None Not safe in pregnancy or lactation |
| Nitrates Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy | nitroglycerin Treats and prevents angina MOA: Coronary vein dilation, decreases preload Side effects: headache, hypotension, tachycardia Contraindications: pericarditis, hypovolemia Safety not established in pregnancy and lactation but should be used in life threatening situations |
| Ranolazine Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | Ranolazine Treats chronic stable angina MOA: Decreases ventricular wall tension and reduces cardiac muscle oxygen demand Side effects: hypersensitivity, nause, headache Contraindications: liver cirrhosis Use cautiously in pregnancy, do not use during lactation |
| Class 1A Sodium Channel Blockers Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | Quinidine, procainamide Treats a-fib, SVT MOA: Medium decrease in sodium in myocardium cells which slows impulse conduction and lengthens the refractory period Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Contraindications: Severe HF, hypotension Safety not established in pregnancy & lactation |
| Class 1B Sodium Channel Blockers Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | lidocaine, phenytoin Treats dysrhythmias MOA: Small decrease in sodium in myocardium cells which slows conduction speed and lengthens the refractory period Side effects: CNS effects Contraindications: SVT, heart block Phenytoin contraindicated in pregnancy, lidocaine use with caution in both pregnancy and lactation |
| Class 1C Sodium Channel Blockers Treats? MOA Most common side effects Importan contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | flecainide, propafenone Treats life-threatening SVT and other ventricular tachydysrhythmias MOA: Large decrease in sodium, slows impulse conduction, lengthens refractory period Side effects: Dizziness, dyspnea, visual changes Contraindications: Electrolyte imbalance, recent myocardial infarction Use caution in pregnancy and lactation |
| Class II Beta Blockers Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy | propranolol Treats heart failure MOA: Slows heartrate, decreases conduction through AV node, decreases contractility Side effects: bradycardia, CNS effects Contraindications: certain dysrhythmias Use cautiously in pregnancy, safety not established in lactation |
| Class III Potassium Channel Blockers Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy | amiodarone Treats life-threatening dysrhythmias MOA: Slows conduction, dilates coronary and peripheral blood vessels Side effects: nausea, vomiting, ARDS, pulmonary toxicity Contraindications: allergy, bradycardia Not safe in pregnancy or lactation |
| Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy | verapamil, diltiazem Treats SVT, a-fib, atrial flutter MOA: Slows the SA node conduction through the AV node Side effects: hypotension, bradycardia Contraindications: Serious heart block, hypotension, hepatic failure Use cautiously in pregnancy, do not use during lactation |
| Adenosine Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy | adenosine Treats PSVT and other dysrhythmias MOA: Slows conduction through AV node, interrupts dysrhythmias, vasodilator Side effects: Headache, PAC, PVC Contraindications: Serious heart block, COPD Safety not established for pregnancy & lactation |
| Magnesium Sulfate Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | magnesium sulfate Treats life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias MOA: Stabilizes the depolarization and repolarization of cardiac cells Side effects: hypotension, CNS depression Contraindications: heart damage, heart block, hypermagnesemia Use cautiously in pregnancy & lactation |
| Atropine Treats? MOA Most common side effects Important contraindications Safety in pregnancy? | atropine Treats symptomatic bradycardia MOA: Inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system leading to increased heartrate and cardiac output Side effects: Tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension Contraindications: glaucoma, obstructions, tachycardia, heart transplant Safety not established in pregnancy and lactation |
Created by:
DillHoleRN
Popular Pharmacology sets