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pharmacology study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A VCPR exists when which of the following conditions have been met: | the veterinarian has assumed the responsibility for making clinical judgments regarding the health of the animals(s), the veterinarian is readily available for a follow |
| up evaluation or has arranged for emergency coverage in the event of adverse reactions or failure of the prescribed regimen, the veterinarian has recently seen the patient for a physical examination or by a medically appropriate and timely visit to the pr | |
| MSDS labels can aid the employee in knowing how to use the product, cleanup, precautions and more | True |
| The “withdrawal time” for a drug is the: | time between the last administered drug dose of a medication to a food |
| producing animal and the time that animal can be slaughtered, or animal products can be used for human consumption. | |
| All controlled substances should be stored: | in a securely locked, substantially constructed cabinet or safe. |
| It is acceptable for a technician to prescribe and dispense medications or refills without the consent of the veterinarian | False |
| OSHA can give a clinic very little time to correct violations | True |
| For only 24 hours after administering cytotoxic drugs to an animal, any laundry soiled with their bodily excretions is considered medical waste | False |
| It is safe to dispose of expired drugs by pouring them down the drain, flushing them in the toilet, placing them in the trash, or discarding them on the ground | False |
| What does OSHA stand for? | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| What is the purpose of OSHA regulations? | Ensure that health and safety standards are maintained in the workplace |
| If you are bitten by an animal you should check the vaccination history of the animal and seek medical attention. If the animal has no vaccination history or is wild you should assume rabies exposure and seek treatment | |
| post exposure rabies treatment | True |
| Controlled substances must: | be kept in a locked cabinet or safe, have orders, receipts, uses, and thefts recorded, be ordered by veterinarian who register triennially with the DEA. |
| Veterinary labeled prescription drugs will have the following statement (legend): | Caution: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. |
| Which of the following drug names would be considered the “proprietary or trade” name? | Baytril |
| up to date MSDS sheets are important because: | They are required by law, Shows compliance to OSHA, Keep employees informed on the chemicals they may encounter in the clinic . |
| MSDS's contain which of the following | additional precautions, additional instructions, advice for handling the product in the workplace |
| OSHA law requires that employers have a safety program, which includes educating employees about the risks they face on the job, providing the employee with appropriate safety equipment and how to use that equipment at the employees expense | False |
| Needles should always be recapped prior to placing them in the sharps container | False |
| Using a chemical in a well ventilated area is no longer recommended when using chemicals due to tighter EPA standards on clear air and environmental pollution | False |
| What must be included in the hazardous material plan? | An up date list of products containing hazardous chemicals known to be in the hospital, Instructions for organizing and filing material |
| to | |
| in order for a prescription to be considered complete, it must contain which of the following information? | Identification of the patient, Date of prescription, Name, address, and telephone number of the prescribing veterinarian, Drug name, strength, and quantity, Drug administration instructions, Cautionary statements, Number of refills |
| Which of the following are involved in the process of excretion or elimination? | Kidneys, Lungs, Liver, Skin, GI tract, Mammary glands |
| CS | Cardiovascular System |
| Gastrointestinal | GI |
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | CPR |
| Over the Counter | OTC |
| L or l | Liter |
| Milligram | mg |
| Kilogram | kg |
| Gram | g |
| Ca | Calorie |
| complete blood count | CBC |
| Capsules | caps |
| congestive heart failure | CHF |
| When calculating drug dosages to administer a medication, it can be a good idea to have someone else check your dosages or calculations to verify you are administering the correct dosage | True |
| The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is the most important physical barrier to drug movement in the body and prevents: | entry of drugs into the central nervous system |
| Lipophilic medications are known to be: | lipid soluble |
| The most common route(s) of drug excretion, or elimination, is through the: | kidneys |
| A drug that is administered IV is in immediate circulation and considered: 100% bioavailable | |
| Drug distribution is defined as: | the physiological movement of a drug to reach the target tissue or the intended site of action. |
| The __________ is the drug dosage that produces the desired effect of a drug within a patient, with minimal or no signs of toxicity | therapeutic index |
| Medications that can be purchased without a veterinarian’s written or verbal prescription or authorization are referred to as: | over the counter |
| By reading the labels of these bottles one could determine these are all the same strength and concentration. The only difference in these products is they were purchased from different companies. | False |
| The margin of safety of a drug is often referred to as the: | therapeutic index |
| water soluble drugs are known to be: | hydrophilic |
| Ca | Calcium |
| Chloride | Cl |
| Potassium | K |
| Sodium | Na |
| All veterinary medications dispensed to clients for their pets should be dispensed in plastic vials with childproof lids to prevent accidental poisoning. | True |
| Which of the following organs is primarily responsible for drug metabolism or biotransformation in the body? | liver |
| Drugs may be excreted through which of the following processes | : Sweat, urine, expired air, milk, saliva, tears |
| If the abbreviation of t.i.d. is used on a drug order, the instructions on the dispensing label for the client should read: | every 8 hours |
| Which of the following terms refers to the amount of a drug dose that reaches the bloodstream and is immediately available for use by the body? | bioavailability |
| All veterinary medications dispensed to clients for their pets should be dispensed in plastic vials with childproof lids to prevent accidental poisoning | True |
| Tablespoon | T or Tbsp |
| tsp or t | teaspoon |
| Gal | gallon |
| Conc | concentration |
| Ml | milliliter |
| Mcg | microgram |
| CS | Cardiovascular System |
| Gastrointestinal | GI |
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | CPR |
| Over the Counter | OTC |
| L or l | Liter |
| Milligram | mg |
| Kilogram | kg |
| Gram | g |
| The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is the most important physical barrier to drug movement in the body and prevents: | entry of drugs into the central nervous system |
| Medications that can be purchased without a veterinarian’s written or verbal prescription or authorization are referred to as: | over the counter drugs |
| By reading the labels of these bottles one could determine these are all the same strength and concentration. The only difference in these products is they were purchased from different companies. False | |
| Ca | Calcium |
| Chloride | Cl |
| Potassium | K |
| Sodium | Na |
| The ability of living organisms to absorb, distribute, metabolize, and eliminate a drug is known as: | Pharmacokinetics |
| Lipophilic medications are known to be: | lipid soluble |
| The time and frequency of medication ordered as b.i.d on a drug order should be written out on the dispensed prescription label as ______________ so the client has clear instructions of how often to administer a medication | every 12 hours |
| Up | |
| to | |
| date MSDS sheets are important because: | They are required by law, Shows compliance to OSHA, Keep employees informed on the chemicals they may encounter in the clinic, |
| What does OSHA stand for? | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| OSHA law requires that employers have a safety program, which includes educating employees about the risks they face on the job, providing the employee with appropriate safety equipment and how to use that equipment at the employees expense | False |
| You should never recap a needle, but in the event it must be recapped you should use the one handed method | True |
| Proper handwashing aids in preventing the absorption of chemicals through the skin, accidental ingestion, and spread via direct contact | True |
| Over the counter drugs are drugs that: | can be purchased without a prescription. |
| It is acceptable for a technician to prescribe and dispense medications or refills without the consent of the veterinarian | False |
| If you are bitten by an animal you should check the vaccination history of the animal and seek medical attention. If the animal has no vaccination history or is wild you should assume rabies exposure and seek treatment | |
| post exposure rabies treatment | True |
| Which of the following are guidelines established by AVMA regarding the use and distribution of veterinary drugs? | complete records must be kept of all medications acquired and dispense for each patient, in a separate log, for a minimum of 2 years.a prescription drug can be dispensed only upon the written or verbal order of a licensed veterinarian. a VCPR must exist a |
| Which of the following gasses can be harmful or toxic to employees of veterinary hospitals? | Compressed gas, Anesthetic gas, Sterilization gas |
| Each state or province varies in what duties licensed technicians are allowed to do and under what level of supervision | True |
| MSDS labels can aid the employee in knowing how to use the product, cleanup, precautions and more | True |
| As long as food, drinks, condiments and snacks are in separate locations in the refrigerator and are covered they may be stored in the same refrigerator as biologicals and vaccines as long as they too are sealed. | False |
| Cleaning agents today are safer and environmentally friendly so the only precaution needed is to use caution when mixing other products. | False |
| As an employee you are responsible for: | learning and following the safety rules and practices |
| Dx | Diagnosis |
| Treatment | Tx |
| Surgery | Sx |
| Prescription | Rx |
| sustained release | SR |
| Cubic centimeters | Cc |
| Cal | calorie |
| bol. | bolus |
| Mcg | microgram |
| sol'n or soln | solution |
| Tab | tablet |
| Which of the following are the basic parts of a needle: | Hub, Shaft, Bevel |
| Which of the following would be the most appropriate syringe when injecting 20 ml? | 35 ml syringe |
| BUN | Blood Urea Nitrogen |
| Red Blood Cell | RBC |
| Body Surface Area | BSA |
| Diethylstilbestrol | DES |
| Dimethyl sulfoxide | DMSO |
| Match the abbreviation with the appropriate term | Intramuscular |
| Intranasal | IN |
| Intradermal | ID |
| Intracardiac | IC |
| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| Angiotensin converting Enzyme | AC |
| Antidiuretic Hormone | ADH |
| Before meals (ante cibum) | a.c. |
| Amp | ampule |
| Match the abbreviation with the appropriate term. | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| White Blood Cell | WBC |
| Within normal limits | WNL |
| Hematocrit | HCT |
| Packed cell volume | PCV |
| Enzyme | |
| linked immunosorbent assay | ELISA |
| Intraarterial | IA |
| Intraperitoneal | IP |
| Intraosseous | IO |
| Intravenous | IV |
| It is recommended intracardiac (IC) injections are only performed in an emergency or terminal situation | True |
| Which of the following are considered “topical” medications? | transdermal patch, Paste, Ointment, Cream, Liniment, |
| A medication that is in liquid form may be which of the following types of medications? | Solution, Emulsion, Solution, |
| Which of the following gauge of needles would have the largest diameter? | 18 |
| In the household system of measurement, 2 T = ___ oz. | 1 |
| 1 kg = ____ g | 1000 |
| 1 foot = ____ inches? | 12 |
| 1 g = ____ mg | 1000 |
| In the household system of measures, 1 T = ____ t. | 3 |
| Which of the following are functions of the cardiovascular system? | delivery of hormones, transport of waste products, delivery of oxygen, delivery of nutrients |
| Which of the following are parts of the cardiovascular system? | Heart, Veins, Blood, arteries |
| Which of the following is known as an Antiarrhythmic medication? | lidocaine |
| An example of an antiarrhythmic drug is: | lidocaine |
| The internal “pacemaker” of the heart that triggers depolarization and contraction of the heart muscle is the: | SA node |
| The conduction of electrical impulses through the heart can be seen by using a(n): | ECG |
| 100 mg = ____ g | 0.1 |
| 2 L = ___ ml | 2000 |
| Which of the following classes of respiratory drugs increases the flow of respiratory secretions to allow material to be coughed up from the lungs? | Expectorants |
| Within the upper (cranial) portion of the respiratory tract, which of the following structures works to produce mucus used to trap and remove foreign particles from the airways? | goblet cells |
| Which of the following pieces of equipment is used to treat respiratory conditions by converting liquid medication in solution or suspension form into an aerosol? The aerosolized medication is inhaled by the patient for direct treatment of the lungs. | Nebulizer |
| Which of the following classes of respiratory drugs decreases viscosity or thickness of respiratory secretion? | Mucolytics |
| This drug belongs to which category of respiratory drugs? | respiratory stimulant |
| Bronchodilators work by | Widening the lumen of the bronchioles. |
| Which of the following is the process of respiration where oxygen is taken into the body via the lungs? | Inhalation |
| The respiratory system is the body system that: | brings in oxygen from the air into the body for delivery via the blood to the cells. |
| If a medication that is measured in 1 mg/kg is to be administered to a 100 lb dog, how many kg does this dog weigh? | 45.5 kg |
| 100 lbs = ____ kg | 45.5 |
| This vial is an example of a drug that is a(n): | Class II controlled substance |
| Controlled substances must be stored: | in a securely locked cabinet with restricted access. |
| Which of the following are TRUE statements regarding the logging of controlled drugs in controlled substance logs? (Please mark ALL that apply) Any unopened inventory of controlled substances must be recorded. | All controlled substances disposed of due to expiration must be documented and logged in the controlled substance log. ll All All controlled substances disposed of due to expiration must be documented and logged in the controlled substance log.controlled |
| In this hospital inventory, which of the following products are some that might rotate with the season: | flea control and prevention, tick control and prevention,heartworm control and prevention,puppy and kitten vaccines |
| A veterinarian must renew their DEA regsitration: | every 3 years |
| Identify the part of the heart labeled as “C”: | Right ventricle |
| The term myocardium refers to the: | cardiac muscle |
| According to your pharmacology textbook, which of the following classes of diuretics is most commonly used in the treatment of heart failure? | Loop diuretics |
| An example of a cardiac glycoside is: | digoxin |
| Thiazide diuretics will benefit the cardiovascular system by: | creating vasodilation of blood vessels, preventing sodium from being absorbed back into circulation,removing excess fluid from the body |
| The conduction of electrical impulses through the heart can be seen by using a(n): | ECG |
| 2 L = ___ ml | 2000 |
| 100 mg = ____ g | 0.1 |
| 175 ml = ___ L | 0.175 |
| An “IO” injection would be administered: | into the bone |
| The syringe pictured is a 20 ml syringe. The numbers marked on the syringe range from 5 to 20 ml with the smaller lines indicating each ml. If the blue color represents the medication in a syringe, how much medication is in this syringe? | 13 ml |
| Which of the following are the basic parts of a needle: | Hub,Shaft, Tip, Bevel |
| A(n) _________ is a small, sterile, prefilled glass container, that contains medication for injection but does not have a rubber stopper or seal | ampule |
| What is the appropriate abbreviation for "Treatment"? | Tx |
| Match the following respiratory drug to the appropriate respiratory drug class | Doxapram |
| Phenylephrine | Decongestant |
| Acetylcysteine | Mucolytic |
| Guaifenesin | Expectorants |
| According to your textbook, which of the following are components of the upper respiratory tract? | Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Nasal passages |
| Which of the following groups of drugs affects receptors on the smooth muscle fibers of the bronchioles causing them to expand and to ease respiratory processes in the lungs? | bronchodilators |
| Which of the following classes of drugs would be used to increase the viscosity of mucus in the respiratory track making the sticky mucus more liquefied and enabling the patient to have a productive cough? | expectorant |
| This drug belongs to which category of respiratory drugs? | respiratory stimulant |
| What type of respiratory drug inhibits coughing? | Antitussives |
| Cough suppressants are only recommended in nonproductive coughs as productive coughs will help clear the respiratory tract | True |
| Which of the following medications will help to relieve chronic and nonproductive coughs in a patient? | Dextromethorphan, Hydrocodone, Butorphanol. Codein |
| Protective hearing devices should be used if working for prolonged periods of time in noisy areas in order to prevent long term hearing damage | True |
| Formalin, used as a tissue preservative, is potentially a human carcinogen and should be obtained in small, premeasured containers whenever possible | True |
| Schedule V Controlled Substance have a _____ potential for abuse | Low |
| 44 lb = ____ kg | 20 |
| A horse weighing 1500 lb arrives at the hospital and the medication to be administered is listed as mg/kg. How many kg will this patient weigh? | 682 kg |
| A 125 lb Great Dane is hospitalized and requires a medication dosed in mg/kg. How many kg would this patient weigh? | 56.8 kg |
| Corticosteroids should NOT be administered to patients along with NSAIDs | True. |
| The medication identified as “D” may be used as a(n): | Analgesic. Antipyretic |
| Which of the following medications if an NSAID used for postoperative pain and for management of osteoarthritis? | meloxicam. |
| Match the drug to the appropriate drug class: meclofenamate sodium | nsaid. |
| Fentanyl | opiod agonists. |
| Flumethasone | corticoid. |
| Proparacaine | topical anesthesia. |
| The medication identified as “B” may be used: | for treatment of osteoarthritis as an antipyretic |
| Visceral pain is defined as pain that: | is felt when internal organs are disrupted or injured. |
| Which of the following is NOT a short erm effect of corticosteroid | Osteoporosis. |
| The examples of medications in this pictures are classified as: | Corticoids. |
| The margin of safety of a drug is often referred to as the: | therapeutic index. |
| The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is the most important physical barrier to drug movement in the body and prevents: | entry of drugs into the central nervous system. |
| If the abbreviation of s.i.d. is used on a drug order, the instructions on the dispensing label for the client should read: | every 24 hours. |
| Phenobarbital is ordered to be given to a dog at the rate of 3 mg/lb of body weight and the dog weighs 42 lbs. The concentration of phenobarbital available is 50 mg/ml. How many ml should be administered to the patient? | 2 |
| 52 ml. | |
| Given the information below, how many milligrams should the patient receive with each dose? Patient weight: 10 kg Dosage rate: 5 mg/kg | 50 mg per dose. |
| Using the label below, a patient weighing 20 lbs should receive how much Albon suspension with the initial dose? | 10 ml. |
| Match the drug to the appropriate drug class:Orbifloxacin | Fluoroquinolones. |
| Cefovecin | Cephalosporin. |
| Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim | Sulfanamide. |
| Amikacin | Aminoglcosides. |
| Which of the following are antifungals? | Miconazole, Ketoconazole, Nystatin, Griseofulvin, Amphotericin B. |
| Antiobiotics used to kill bacteria are: | Bacteriocidal. |
| Which of the following is a cephalosporin? | Cephalexin. |
| During a culture and sensitivity test, the larger the zone of inhibition is around the antibiotic disc: | the more effective that antibiotic will be for treatment of a bacterial infection. |
| Which of the following drug classes contains many drugs that may cause cartilage damage and should not be used in young animals? | Fluoroquinolones. |
| Neomycin | Aminoglycosides. |
| Doxycline | Tetracycline. |
| Cefadroxil | Cephalosporin. |
| Penicillin G Procaine | Penicillin. |
| Gram negative bacteria retain the safranin stain and appear: | pink or red. |
| Which of the following is an antinematodal drug effective against roundworms? | Fenbendazole. |
| Some parasitic conditions – both endoparasites and ectoparasites – are transmissible to people | True. |
| Praziquantel | Tapeworms. |
| Fenbendazole | Roundworms. |
| Ivermectin | Heartworm. |
| Metronidazole | Giardia. |
| Which of the following are routes of administration for ectoparasite products? | pourons. ear tags. Sprays. spot application methods. Shampoos. |
| Which of the following are routes of administration for endoparasitic antiparasitics? | oral suspension, oral paste, oral granules, oral tablets, injection. |
| Depending on the antiparasitic drug, they may be effective against more than one type of parasite | True. |
| Which of the following are some of the common parasite transmission routes? | animalanimal contact, direct contact with the parasite in the soil, ingestion of contaminated food or water, direct contact with he parasite in bedding, contact with the parasite in standing water.he parasite in bedding, contact with the parasite in sta |
| Which of the following products is used to control ectoparasites? | selamectin. |
| Some clinical signs of intestinal parasite infection may develop before eggs can be detected in a microscopic fecal exam | True. |
| What is a disadvantage of using oral forms of flea prevention? | The flea needs to take a blood meal to receive the medication. |
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Tuffenuff
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