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CNS 5

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 5

Pharmacologic CategoryGenericBrandClassificationCommon IndicationsEssential Knowledge
Antianxiety agent buspirone (PO) Buspar Anxiety Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea Other Notes: do not use with MAOI
Benzodiazepine alprazolam (PO) Xanax CS-IV Anxiety Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia
Benzodiazepine clonazepam (PO) Klonopin CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia
Benzodiazepine diazepam (PO, IV) Valium CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia
Benzodiazepine lorazepam (PO, IV) Ativan CS-IV Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia Notes (IV): parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used ≥ 48 hours
Benzodiazepine midazolam (IV, IM) Versed CS-IV Anesthesia, sedation Key Side Effects: hypotension, apnea, bradypnea BBW: risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence and withdrawal reactions; dose must be individualized; never give by rapid injection in neonates
Hypnotic zolpidem (PO) PO: Ambien, Ambien CR SL: Edluar CS-IV Insomnia Key Side Effects: decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia, parasomnias US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors
Sleep aid melatonin (PO) OTC Insomnia, jet lag Key Side Effects: drowsiness, daytime somnolence
Sedative, general anesthetic propofol (IV) Diprivan Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia,propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare) Other Notes: formulated as a 10% lipid emulsion containing 1.1 kcal/mL
Alpha2 agonist, sedative dexmedetomidine (IV) Precedex Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: tolerance and tachyphylaxis may occur if used longer than 24 hours
Created by: arizvi
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