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ID 4

INFECTIOUS DISEASES 4

Pharmacologic CategoryGenericBrandClassificationCommon IndicationsEssential Knowledge
Allylamine antifungal terbinafine (PO, topical) Lamisil Topical: OTC Onychomycosis Key Side Effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, elevated hepatic transaminases, headache
Azole antifungal fluconazole (PO, IV) Diflucan Vulvovaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, invasive candidiasis Key Side Effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, elevated hepatic transaminases
Azole antifungal ketoconazole (PO, topical) Nizoral Topical: OTC Tinea infections Key Side Effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, increased hepatic transaminases
Polyene antifungal nystatin (PO) Oropharyngeal candidiasis Key Side Effects: phlebitis, diarrhea, vomiting, anemia, fever
Polyene antifungal nystatin (topical) Nystop Cutaneous and mucocutaneous fungal infections Key Side Effects: burning, itching Other Notes: only use oral solutions for thrush
Echinocandin antifungal micafungin (IV) Mycamine Invasive candidiasis Key Side Effects: no major side effects
Glucocorticoid and azole antifungal betamethasone and clotrimazole (topical) Lotrisone Cutaneous fungal infections Key Side Effects: burning, itching, dryness, skin atrophy Other Notes: do not use for diaper dermatitis; adrenal suppression with long-term use over large areas of skin
Neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral oseltamivir (PO) Tamiflu Influenza Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, neuropsychiatric events (i.e., confusion, delirium, hallucinations) in pediatric patients (rare)
Antiviral acyclovir (PO, IV) Zovirax Herpes simplex virus Key Side Effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases, crystalluria Other Notes: vesicant
Antiviral valacyclovir (PO) Valtrex Herpes simplex virus Key Side Effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases
Antiviral nirmatrelvir + ritonavir (PO) Paxlovid COVID-19 Key Side Effects: diarrhea, dysgeusia US Boxed Warning: significant drug interactions; strong CYP3A inhibitor
Antiviral remdesivir Veklury COVID-19 Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, renal impairment
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) emtricitabine + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (PO) Truvada HIV Infection, PreP, PEP Key Side Effects: decreased bone mineral density, kidney injury, nausea, diarrhea US Boxed Warnings: post treatment acute exacerbation of hepatitis B, risk of drug resistance with use for preexposure prophylaxis
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) and Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) emtricitabine (NRTI) + tenofovir alafenamide (NRTI) + bictegravir (INSTI) (PO) Biktarvy HIV infection Key Side Effects: increased serum bilirubin, headache, weight gain, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea US Boxed Warning: post treatment acute exacerbation of hepatitis B
Created by: arizvi
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