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nightingale final guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Peristalsis | A series of involuntary, wave-like smooth muscle contractions that move food along the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the rectum. |
| CHyme | The semi-fluid, partially digested mixture of food and gastric secretions that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine. |
| microvili | Finger-like projections lining the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. |
| Pulmonary Circulatio | The portion of the circulatory system that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium. |
| Negative Feedback | A regulatory mechanism in which a change in a physiological variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation to maintain homeostasis. |
| Adrenal Cortex | The outer portion of the adrenal glands that produces steroid hormones, including cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. |
| Alveoli | Microscopic air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between inhaled oxygen and blood carbon dioxide via diffusion across the respiratory membrane. |
| Mesentery | A fold of peritoneum that anchors the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall and carries blood vessels and nerves. |
| systemic Circulation | Blood flow from the left ventricle to the body tissues and back to the right atrium. |
| Residual Volume (RV) | The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation to prevent alveolar collapse. |
| Vital Capacity (VC) | The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. |