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CNS 5
Central Nervous System 5
| Pharmacologic Category | Generic Name | Brand Name | Classification | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antianxiety agent | buspirone (PO) | Buspar | Anxiety | Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea Other Notes: do not use with MAOI | ||||
| Benzodiazepine | alprazolam (PO) | Xanax | CS-IV | Anxiety | Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia US Boxed Warning: risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse | |||
| Benzodiazepine | clonazepam (PO) | Klonopin | CS-IV | Anxiety, seizure disorders | Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia US Boxed Warning: risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse | |||
| Benzodiazepine | diazepam (PO, IV) | Valium | CS-IV | Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal | Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia US Boxed Warning: risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse | |||
| Benzodiazepine | lorazepam (PO, IV) | Ativan | CS-IV | Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal | Key Side Effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia US Boxed Warning: risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids; risk of abuse, misuse | |||
| Benzodiazepine | midazolam (IV, IM) | Versed | CS-IV | Anesthesia, sedation | Key Side Effects: hypotension, apnea, bradypnea US Boxed Warning: risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death with opioids or when used for sedation in noncritical settings; risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction; risk of dependence | |||
| Hypnotic | zolpidem (PO) | PO: Ambien, Ambien CR SL: Edluar | CS-IV | Insomnia | Key Side Effects: decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia, parasomnias US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors | |||
| Sleep aid | melatonin (PO) | OTC | Insomnia, jet lag | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, daytime somnolence | ||||
| Sedative, general anesthetic | propofol (IV) | Diprivan | Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare) Other Notes: formulated as a 10% lipid emulsion containing 1.1 kcal/mL | ||||
| Alpha2 agonist, sedative | dexmedetomidine (IV) | Precedex | Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: tolerance and tachyphylaxis may occur if used longer than 24 hours |