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Pharmacology Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tachyphylaxis | Condition in which a patient rapidly becomes tolerant to a medication |
| Efficacy | ability to produce a desired or intended result |
| Affinity | The attraction between medications & receptors causing them to bind together |
| Bolus | To describe “in one mass”, may be small or large quantity of drug |
| Cumulative action | When repeated doses of a drug build up in the body because the drug is not fully metabolized or excreted before the next dose is given |
| Depressant | A drug that slows down activity in the central nervous system (CNS) or autonomic functions like heart rate, respiration, and alertness |
| Drug dependency | Prolonged administration may lead to this. Significant symptoms if a person stops using the medication |
| Habituation | A decrease in response to a repeated stimulus over time |
| Hypersensitivity | Term for bodily response to a substance to which a patient is abnormally sensitive |
| Refractory | A condition that does not respond (or stops responding) to a treatment or drug that would normally be effective |
| Stimulant | A drug that increases activity in the central nervous system (CNS) or sympathetic nervous system (SNS) |
| Synergism | The action of 2 substance such as drugs, in which the total effects are greater than the sum of the independent effects of the 2 substances |
| Potentiation | interaction between two medications causing one drug to enhance the effect of another |
| Therapeutic action | The intended effect a drug has on the body to treat a condition |
| Therapeutic dose | The amount of drug that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity |
| Therapeutic threshold | The minimum concentration of a drug in the blood needed to start producing a therapeutic effect |
| Tolerance | A physiologic adaptation to the effects of a drug that requires a patient to take an increased medication dose to produce the same effect that formerly was produced by the lower dose |
| Onset of action | how long it will take for the concentration of the medication at the target tissue to reach the minimum effective level |
| Duration of action | how long the medication can be expected to remain above the minimum level to provide the intended action |
| Peak concentration | The maximum level of a drug in the patient’s bloodstream after administration |
| Toxic dose | The lowest amount of a drug that can cause harmful effects in a patient |
| Half life | The time it takes for half the drug to be metabolized or excreted from the body |
| Cross tolerance | Form of drug tolerance where a patient who takes a particular medication for an extended period can build up a tolerance to other medications in the same class |
| Pharmacology | study of drugs |
| Pharmacodynamics | is the way in which a medication produces the response we intended |
| Pharmacokinetics | Study of metabolism and action of medications within the body (how the medication is absorbed, distributed and eliminated) |
| Untoward effects | Unexpected, undesirable, or harmful effects of a drug or treatment |
| Side effects | an undesired effect frequently seen even in therapeutic drug dosages |
| Orphan drugs | used specifically to treat rare diseases |
| Antagonist | drug that has an affinity for a cell receptor and by binding to it, the cell is prevented from responding |
| Agonist | A medication that stimulates a response in a receptor site |
Created by:
Brooklyn2025
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