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WTI PhT
PhT3 W1Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Upper Respiratory System | nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx |
| Lower Respiratory System | larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, Alveoli, and lungs |
| Allergy | hypersensitivity induced by exposure to antigen |
| Histamine | chemical substances naturally found in all body tissues that protect from factors producing allergic and inflammatory reaction |
| Allergic Reaction | when immune system reacts to a foreign substance |
| Anaphylactic Shock | allergic reaction that may be life-threating |
| Allergic Rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes in: throat, nose, airways |
| Antihistamines | H-1 receptor antagonists |
| Asthma | inflammation of the airways |
| Bronchodilators | agent that relax the smooth muscle of the bronchial tubes |
| Beta-adrenergic drugs | work as both cardiac and respiratory agonists |
| Xanthine derivatives | effective for the relief of bronchospasm in several diseases |
| Metered dose inhaler(MDI) | a hand-held pressurized device used to deliver medications for inhalations |
| Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) | devices used to deliver medication in the form of micronized powder into the lungs |
| Glucocorticoids | steroids that bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects; they are also potent and consistently effective anti-inflammatory agents used for relief of many conditions, including chronic asthma |
| Leukotriene antagonists | blocks the bronchoconstriction, mucous production, and inflammation that occur with asthma |
| Decongestants | relief of nasal congestion due to infection or allergy, and inflammation in the eyes |
| Antitussives | agents that relieve or prevent coughing |
| Expectorants | agents that promote the removal of mucous secretions from the lung, bronchi, and trachea, usually by coughing |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | common chronic respiratory disorders that are characterized by progressive tissue damage and obstruction in the airways |
| Digestive System | sometimes called the gastrointestinal tract, alimentary tract, or gut, consists of a long hollow tubule |
| Mechanical Digestion | breaks large food particles into smaller pieces such as by chewing |
| Chemical Digestion | the alteration of the smaller food particles by substances such as digestive enzymes, bile, and acids |
| Peptic Ulcer | lesion located in either the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the duodenum (small intestine) most caused using NSAIDs or are due to a H. pylori infection |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | flow of gastric contents into the esophagus |
| Antacids | drugs that neutralize hydrochloric acid and raise gastric pH, thus inhibiting pepsin (a gastric enzyme) |
| Misoprostol | (Cytotec®) a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog |
| Histamine H2 Receptor antagonists | drugs that block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach, decreasing acid production |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors | used with caution in patients with dysphasia, metabolic or respiratory alkalosis, and hepatic disease, and during pregnancy |
| Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy | include pancreatin and pancrelipase. obtained from beef or pork pancreas, which contains the necessary enzymes to digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Gallstone | solid mass that forms in the gallbladder or the bile duct |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | chronic disorder, affects the large intestine, causing cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and constipation |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | comprises ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, which involves chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, severe diarrhea, pain, fatigue, and weight loss |
| Ulcerative Colitis | chronic inflammation and ulcers in the large intestine and rectum |
| Crohn’s Disease | spreads deep into affected tissues and may also involve the small intestine |
| Antiflatulents | prevent the formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract |
| Laxatives | works by increasing water retention in the stool to soften it |
| Emetics | drugs that induce vomiting |
| Antiemetics | drugs that stop vomiting |
| Absorbent Agents | drugs with the ability to adsorb gases, toxins, and bacteria |
| Master Formula Sheet | all ingredients, lot numbers, compounding instructions, and expiration dates of a compounded substance |
| Extemporaneous Compounding | preparation, mixing, assembling, packaging, and labeling of a drug product based on a prescription order from a licensed practitioner for the individual patient |
| Compounding Slabs | plate made of ground glass with a hard, flat, and nonabsorbent surface for mixing compounds |
| Spatulas | used to mix/ transfer solid ingredients, such as ointments and creams, to weighing pans |
| Mortar | cup-shaped vessel in which materials are ground or crushed |
| Pestle | solid device that is used to crush or grind materials in a mortar. |
| Glass Mortars | preferred for mixing liquids and semisoft dosage forms |
| Porcelain Mortars | coarser and best used when triturating crystals, granules, and powders |
| Hot Plates | used for quick heating of substances, and they resemble weight scales |
| Tongs | used for the sterile grasping and maneuvering of a variety of different types of laboratory equipment |
| Decappers | “decrimpers,” used to remove seals placed onto vials and other containers |
| Tablet Molds | used by pressing a prepared, moistened powder mixture into the tablet cavities |
| Suppository Molds | various types of aluminum, plastic, or rubber, and range from 1 to 2.5 g in size |
| Stirring Rods | may be made of glass, as well as rubber, polypropylene, or bendable Teflon®, and are used to stir a variety of solutions or mixtures in the laboratory |
| Beakers | cylindrical containers with flat bottoms that are used to hold liquids |
| Solvent | liquid substance in which another substance is being dissolved. Active ingredients are dissolved in a liquid vehicle |
| Suspension | liquid dosage form that contains solid drug particles floating in a liquid medium. Requires shaking before use |
| Triturated | reduced to a fine powder by friction. insoluble powders |
| Levigate | grind into a smooth substance with moisture |
| Solution | does not require shaking before use |
| Elixirs | sweetened liquids that contain alcohol and water |
| Emulsion | type of suspension consisting of two different liquids and an emulsifier (an agent that holds them together.) |
| Ointments | being oily, oil-based |
| Creams | oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, water-based |
| Pastes | contains higher content of solids |
| Gels | suspensions made up of either small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid |
| Parenteral Products | commonly administered by IV push, infusion, or an intravenous piggyback (IVPB). |
| Sterile Preparation | must be kept pure and free from biological, chemical, and physical contaminants |
| Asepsis | free from infection or infectious material |
| Medical Asepsis | Complete destruction of organisms after they leave the body. removal of pathogens to reduce transfer of microorganisms by cleaning any body part or surface that has been exposed to them |
| Sanitization | cleansing process that decreases the number of microorganisms to a safe level as dictated in public health guidelines |
| Disinfection | ability to kill microorganisms on the surface of various items |
| Surgical Asepsis | complete destruction of organisms before they enter the body |
| Laminar Airflow Hood | The system reduces the risk of airborne contamination and exposure to chemical pollutants in surgical theaters, food preparation areas, hospital pharmacies, and laboratories |
| Sterilization | cleansing to remove undesirable debris; process of killing or destroying all microorganisms and their pathogenic products |
| Dry Heat Sterilization | sterilization that uses heated dry air at a temperature of 160°C to 180°C (320°F to 365°F) for 90 minutes to 3 hours |
| Chemical Sterilization | cleaning equipment used for instruments that cannot be exposed to the high temperatures of steam sterilization. used for instruments, and chemicals can be applied topically to the body for disinfection |
| Ampules | long glass containers with breakable necks |
| Drip Chambers | hollow areas where IV solutions drip without allowing air bubbles to enter IV tubing |
| Filters | used to remove particulates and microorganisms from solutions |
| Infusion Pumps | used to regulate medication flow into patients |
| 17. Large Volume Parenteral (LPV)Preparations | those greater than 100 mL |
| Piggybacks | small volume of solution added to a LVP preparation |
| Sharps Container | a rigid plastic container used for sharps such as needles, glass slides, scalpel blades, or disposable syringes |
| Vials | containers with rubber stoppers that contain medications |
| Aseptic Technique | Preparing and handling sterile products in a manner that prevents microbial contamination |
| Intravenous Admixtures | consist of several sterile products added into an IV fluid for administration |
| United States Pharmacopeia Chapter <797> | set the standards for compounding, preparing, and labeling of sterile drug preparations. It has provisions that are required and enforced by the FDA and the state boards of pharmacy |
| United States Pharmacopeia Chapter <800> | created to identify requirements for the receipt, storage, mixing, preparing, compounding, dispensing, and administration of hazardous drugs. |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | gloves, gowns, hair covers, face covers, beard covers, and shoe covers is required for handling damaged or broken containers, all types of compounding, routine cleanup, and collection and disposal of wastes and spills |
| Ophthalmics | sterile preparations intended for direct administration into the conjunctiva of the eye |
| Compounding Records | also known as “mixing reports” and may be computerized or paper records |
Created by:
ajhnsn
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