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Urinary Prcedures
| Functional studies? | IVU, and VCUG |
| Nonfunctional | Retrograde urogrpahy |
| IVU | demonstrates the structure and function of the kidneys |
| Primary application is to evaluate suspected or continued presence of ureteral obstruction | IVU |
| Indications for an IVU | ureteral obstruction, stones, congenital abnormalities, infections, hematuria, effects of trauma and therapeutic interventions |
| Contraindications for IVU | kidney function, allergies, high risk factors |
| 1 minute following injection of contrast | When should a nephrogram or nephrotomogram be obtained (IVU) |
| series of ______ image are performed following contrast injection-IVU | timed |
| positions are obtained at approximately 20 minutes-IVU | RPO and LPO |
| Ureteral compression-IVU | sometimes applied over distal ends of ureters for the purpose of: delay flow of contrast into the bladder to ensure filling of renal pelvis and calyces |
| IVU- AP projection (CR) | CR at the level of iliac crest |
| IVU- AP oblique (CR) | CR: at level of the iliac crest, 2" lateral to midline on elevated side ( degree of obliquity: 30) |
| IVU- AP oblique (kidney placement) | kidney closest- perpendicular to the plane of the Ir kidney farthest- parallel with the IR |
| IVU-AP oblique (30 degrees LPO) | demonstrate the right kidney |
| IVU- AP oblique (30 degrees RPO) | demonstrate the left kidney |
| IVU- AP oblique (downside/upside) | DOWNSIDE proximal ureter will be free of superimposition from the spine |
| IVU-AP oblique (excessive/under rotated) | EXCESSIVE rotation will cause elevated kidney to superimpose over spine |
| CR: at level of iliac crest | IVU-post void (CR) |
| Include entire pubic symphysis | IVU-post void includes? |
| Contrast administered for an IVU? | Bolus injection via IV |
| Cystography | radiologic examination of the urinary bladder |
| Indications for an cysto | vesicoureteral reflux, recurrent UTI, neurogenic bladder, bladder trauma, fistulas |
| Contradindications for an cysto | related to catheterization of urethra |
| Catheterization-cysto | Patient is instructed to empty the bladder and placed on the examination table for ______________ |
| Contrast injection-cysto | The catheter is connected to tubing for _____________ |
| Contrast administered for cysto? | gravity via urinary catheter |
| Cysto- AP axial bladder CR | 10-15 degrees caudad, 2" above pubic symphysis |
| Cysto-AP axial bladder Evaluation criteria: | bladder filled w/ contrast, pubic bones below bladder neck and proximal urethra |
| Cysto- AP oblique bladder (rotation) | 40-60 degrees in RPO/LPO position |
| Cysto-AP oblique bladder (CR) | 2" above pubic symphysis and 2" medial to elevate ASIS |
| Cysto- AP oblique bladder Distal ureters visualized, RPO | left distal ureter |
| Cysto- AP oblique bladder Distal ureters visualized, LPO | right distal ureter |
| Cysto-Lateral Bladder (position and CR) | position patient on right/left side, MCP at level 2" above pubic symphysis |
| Cysto-Lateral Bladder | Evaluation: anterior and posterior bladder walls |
| VCUG | functional study, and usually performed after routine cystography |
| VCUG- patient is imaged while | voiding |
| Indications for VCUG | urethra stricture, posterior urethral valves, vesicoureteral reflux |
| Contrast administered for VCUG? | Gravity drip infusion via urinary catheter |
| VCUG- male AP oblique (demonstration) | bladder neck and urethra with little bony superimposition |
| VCUG- male AP oblique (rotation) | 30-40 degrees |
| VCUG-male AP oblique (CR) | at level of pubic symphysis, centered over elevated pubis |
| VCUG- female AP (demonstration+positon) | Demonstrates: bladder neck and urethra Position: supine |
| VCUG- female AP (CR) | level of superior border of pubic symphysis, 5° caudal angulation frees the bladder neck of superimposition |
| Requires catheterization of the ureters | Retrograde Urography |
| Retrograde Urography (contrast injection) | Contrast is injected directly into the pelvicalyceal system |
| Retrograde Urography | nonfunctional study, classified as operative procedure and under aseptic conditions |
| Indications for retro | Evaluation of collecting system in patients with renal insufficiency/ contrast sensitivity |
| Patient position for retro | modified lithotomy position |
| Urologist images the ___________ using a cystoscope- Retro | bladder, ureters, and kidneys |
| Contrast inject for retro? | Bolus injection via catheter |
| C-arm-Retro | spot images are obtained with an _____ |
| Retro- pyelogram is specific image of the _________ and _______. | renal pelvis and ureters |
Created by:
npat00
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