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Psy440 Ch 4 p117
psy440 Phase 3: Encourage Self-Understanding and Insight
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Phase 3: encourage self-understanding and insight | understanding translated into constructive action |
| Self-understanding is only possible when | hidden purposes and goals of behavior are made conscious |
| Interpretation deals with | clients’ underlying motives for behaving the way they do in the here and now |
| Adlerian interpretations are suggestions presented | tentatively in the form of open-ended questions that can be explored in the sessions |
| Phase 4: Reorientation and Reeducation | putting insights into practice. |
| Reorientation involves shifting | rules of interaction, process, and motivation |
| People acting on the useless side of life become | less functional and are more susceptible to psychopathology, self-depreciation, isolation, and retreat |
| The encouragement process | is central to all phases of counseling and therapy |
| Courage develops when people become aware of their strengths, | when they feel they belong and are not alone |
| Encouragement entails showing faith in people, expecting | them to assume responsibility for their lives, and valuing them for who they are |
| Encouragement is the universal therapeutic intervention for Adlerian counselors, | that it is a fundamental attitude rather than a technique |
| Change and the search for new possibilities | real change happens between sessions, and not in therapy itself |
| Clients are encouraged to act as if they were the people they want to be, | which can serve to challenge self-limiting assumptions |
| Making a difference | techniques: immediacy, advice, humor, silence, paradoxical intention, acting as if, use of stories and fables |
| Areas of Application | social activism and addressing the prevention and remediation of social conditions |
| Individual psychology applications | child guidance; parent–child, couples; family, group, cultural conflicts; correctional and rehabilitation counseling; and mental health institutions |
| Application to education | providing teachers with ways to prevent and correct basic mistakes of children |
| Application to parent education | Parents recognize the mistaken goals of children and use logical and natural consequences to guide to more productive behavior |
| Listening to children, helping children accept the consequences of their behavior, | applying emotion coaching, holding family meetings, and using encouragement |
| Application to couples counseling | addressing the compatibility of lifestyles; decreasing feelings of inferiority and overcoming discouragement |
| Couples techniques are listening, paraphrasing, giving feedback, | having marriage conferences, listing expectations, doing homework, and enacting problem solving |
| Application to family counseling | focus on the family atmosphere, the family constellation, and the interactive goals of each member |
| Application to group counseling | inferiority feelings counteracted effectively, mistaken concepts and values influenced because the group is a value-forming agent |
| Cohesion is increased by mutual | sharing of these early recollections, members develop a sense of connection |
| Group leaders and members work together to | challenge erroneous beliefs about self, life, and others |
| Brief group therapy has a strong therapeutic alliance, clear problem focus and goal alignment, rapid assessment, | a focus on strengths and abilities of clients, an optimistic view of change, present and the future focus |
| Adlerian therapy from a multicultural perspective | strengths and shortcomings from a diversity perspective; |
| Strengths from a diversity perspective | emphasis on health, not pathology; holistic; focus on goals and prevention |
| recognizes and stresses the effects of | social class, racism, sex, and gender on the behavior of individuals. |
| Adlerians allow broad concepts of age, | ethnicity, lifestyle, sexual/affectional orientations, and gender differences to emerge in therapy. |
| Adlerian therapists tend to focus on cooperation and socially oriented values | as opposed to competitive and individualistic values |
| primary emphasis on changing the autonomous self may be | problematic for many clients |
| Limited effectiveness with clients who do not understand the purpose of exploring | the details of a lifestyle analysis when dealing with life’s current problems |
| The culture of some clients may contribute to their viewing the counselor as the “expert” | and expecting that the counselor will provide them with solutions to their problem |
| Individuals may believe that it is inappropriate | to reveal family information. |
Created by:
james22222222