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GI 2
| Generic Name | Brand Name | Classification | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indications | Essential Knowledge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| famotidine (PO, IV) | Pepcid, Zantac 360 | PO: OTC | Histamine (H2) antagonist | GERD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: headache, constipation, diarrhea, mental status changes |
| metoclopramide (PO, IV) | Reglan | Dopamine (D2) antagonist | Gastroparesis, GERD, nausea, vomiting | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dystonia, akathisia, EPS, QTc prolongation, diarrhea, hyperprolactinemia US Boxed Warnings: may cause tardive dyskinesia, do not use >12 weeks Other notes: CI with GI obstruction, perforation, or hemorrhage | |
| ondansetron (PO, IV) | Zofran | Selective serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist | Nausea, vomiting | Key Side Effects: headache, fatigue, constipation, QTc prolongation | |
| promethazine (PO, IM, IV, PR) | Phenergan | Histamine (H1) antagonist | Motion sickness, nausea, vomiting | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, QTc prolongation, EPS US Boxed Warnings: potential for fatal respiratory depression in patients < 2 years old; injection can cause peripheral extravasation (preferred parenteral route is IM) | |
| meclizine (PO) | Bonine | OTC | Histamine (H1) antagonist | Motion sickness, vertigo | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, blurry vision |
| diphenoxylate and atropine (PO) | Lomotil | C-V | Antidiarrheal | Diarrhea | Key Side Effects: nausea, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, tachycardia, urinary retention Other notes: do not use in diarrhea associated with enterotoxin-producing bacteria or in children <6 years of age |
| dexlansoprazole (PO) | Dexilant | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) | |
| esomeprazole (PO, IV) | Nexium | PO: OTC | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
| lansoprazole (PO) | Prevacid | OTC | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
| omeprazole (PO) | Prilosec | OTC | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
| pantoprazole (PO, IV) | Protonix | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) | |
| sucralfate (PO) | Carafate | Gastrointestinal protectant | duodenal ulcers | Key Side Effects: constipation, bezoar formation Other Notes: take on an empty stomach; many drug interactions due to reducing absorption of other drugs |
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