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Intro to Research
PSY10005
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Authority | A basis of acceptance of information because it is acquired from a highly respected source. |
| Control | Elimination of the influence of extraneous variables |
| Deduction | A reasoning process that involves going from the general to the specific. |
| Determinism | The belief that mental processes and behaviours are fully caused by prior natural factors. |
| Discoverability | The assumption that it is possible to discover the regularities that exist in nature. |
| Duhern-Quine Principle | States that a hypothesis cannot be tested in isolation from other assumptions. |
| Empirical Adequacy | Present when theories and hypotheses closely fit empirical evidence. |
| Empiricism | The acquisition of knowledge through experience. |
| Falsificationism | A deductive approach to science that focuses on falsifying hypotheses as the key criterion of science. |
| Hypothesis Testing | The process of testing a predicted relationship or hypothesis by making observations and then comparing the observed facts with the hypothesis or predicted relationship. |
| Induction | A reasoning process that involves going from the specific to the general. |
| Intuition | Occurs when one feels they have direct knowledge or insight by cannot state any observation or reason for the knowledge. |
| Logic of Discovery | The inductive or discovery part of the scientific process. |
| Logic of Justification | The deductive or theory-testing part of the scientific process. |
| Logical Positivism | A philosophical approach that focused on verifying hypotheses as the key criterion of science. |
| Meta-Analysis | A quantitative technique for describing the relationship between variables across multiple research studies. |
| Multiple Operationalism | Using multiple measures to represent a construct |
| Naturalism | Position popular in behavioural science stating that science should justify its practices according to how well they work rather than according to philosophical arguments. |
| Normal Science | The period in which science activity is governed and directed by a single paradigm. |
| Objectivity | Goal in science to eliminate or minimise opinion or bias in the conduct of research. |
| Operational Definition | Defining a concept by the operations used to represent or measure it. |
| Operationalization | Campbell's term for an operational definition. |
| Paradigm | A framework of thought or beliefs by which reality is interpreted. |
| Placebo Effect | Improvement due to participants expectations for improvement rather than the actual treatment. |
| Prediction | The ability to anticipate the occurrence of an event - an objective of scientific understanding. |
| Probabilistic Causes | A weaker form of determinism that indicates regularities that usually but not always occur. |
| Pseudoscience | Set of beliefs or practices that are not scientific but claim to be scientific - they violate the many tenets of science. |
| Rationalism | The acquisition of knowledge through reasoning. |
| Reality in Nature | The assumption that the things we see, hear, feel, smell, and taste are real. |
| Replication | The reproduction of the results of a study in a new study. |
| Revolutionary Science | A period in which scientific activity is characterised by the replacement of one paradigm with another. |
| Science | The most trustworthy way of acquiring reliable and valid knowledge about the natural world. 3 major characteristics: Control, Operationalism, and replication. |
| Theory | An explanation of how and why something occurs. |
| Description | The portrayal of a situation or phenomenon - an objective of scientific understanding. |
| Explanation | Determination of the cause or causes of a given phenomenon - an objective of scientific understanding. |
| Objectives of Scientific Research | Description, Explanation, Prediction, and Control/Influence. |
| Primary Assumptions of Science | 1. There is uniformity or regularity in nature. 2. nature is real, including our experiences of it. 3. Discoverability - it is possible to discover regularities in nature. |
| Operationalism | Representing constructs by a specific set of operations - characteristic of scientific research. |
| Injunctive Norms | What most people think you should do (what most think is acceptable use). |
| Descriptive Norms | What most people actually do (how many people use it). |
Created by:
Mandyrox300
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