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CNS 5

Generic NameBrand NameClassificationPharmacologic CategoryCommon IndicationsEssential Knowledge
buspirone (PO) Buspar Antianxiety agent Anxiety Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea Other Notes: do not use with MAOI
alprazolam (PO) Xanax CS-IV Benzodiazepine Anxiety Side Effects: tolerance, dependence, amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia Boxed Warnings: sedation, resp. depression (w/ opioids); abuse, addiction, withdrawal risk
clonazepam (PO) Klonopin CS-IV Benzodiazepine Anxiety, seizure disorders Side Effects: tolerance, dependence, amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia Boxed Warnings: sedation, resp. depression (w/ opioids); abuse, addiction, withdrawal risk
diazepam (PO, IV) Valium CS-IV Benzodiazepine Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal Side Effects: tolerance, dependence, amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia Boxed Warnings: sedation, resp. depression (w/ opioids); abuse, addiction, withdrawal risk
lorazepam (PO, IV) Ativan CS-IV Benzodiazepine Anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal Side Effects: tolerance, dependence, amnesia, withdrawal, dizziness, ataxia Boxed Warnings: sedation, resp. depression (w/ opioids); abuse, addiction, withdrawal risk Notes (IV): propylene glycol toxicity if used ≥48 hrs
midazolam (IV, IM) Versed CS-IV Benzodiazepine Anesthesia, sedation Key Side Effects: hypotension, apnea, bradypnea Boxed Warning: risk of severe sedation, respiratory failure, coma, death; abuse, addiction, dependence risks; dose must be tailored; no rapid injection in newborns.
zolpidem (PO) PO: Ambien, Ambien CR SL: Edluar CS-IV Hypnotic Insomnia Side Effects: next-day impairment, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, memory loss, sleep disturbances Boxed Warning: serious injuries/deaths from complex sleep behaviors; contraindicated if history of such behaviors.
melatonin (PO) n/a OTC Sleep aid Insomnia, jet lag Key Side Effects: drowsiness, daytime somnolence
propofol (IV) Diprivan Sedative, general anesthetic Sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare) Other Notes: formulated as a 10% lipid emulsion containing 1.1 kcal/mL
dexmedetomidine (IV) Precedex Alpha2 agonist, sedative Sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: tolerance and tachyphylaxis may occur if used longer than 24 hours
Created by: user-1745497
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