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Rad Protection Ch.12
Management of Patient Radiation Dose During X-Ray Procdure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Holistic Approach to Patient Care | - During a diagnostic x-ray procedure, a holistic approach to patient care is essential. - Holistic patient care must begin with effective communication between the radiographer and patient. |
| Benefits of Effective Communication: | - Alleviates the patient's uneasiness. - Increases the likelihood for cooperation and successful completion of the imaging procedure. |
| Effective Communication | An interaction that produces a satisfying result through an exchange of information. |
| Good Communication | Encourages closeness, reduces anxiety and emotional stress, enhances the professional image of the radiographer as a person who cares about the patient's well being and increases the chance for successfully completing the x-ray examination. |
| Effective Communication: | - Verbal messages and body language. - Clear instructions. - Be honest. |
| ___________________ may result in a repeat exposure. | Miscommunication. |
| Immobilization | Motion: - Voluntary. - Involuntary. |
| Voluntary | - Good communication. - Immobilization devices. |
| Involuntary | Short exposure times. |
| If a patient is being uncooperative, what is the best method to reduce motion? | A short exposure time. |
| The use of a _______ results in lower entrance exposure dose to the anterior body surface, thereby reducing dose to breast. | PA. |
| Types of shields: | - Flat contact shields. - Shadow shields. - Shaped contact shields. - Clear shields. |
| Specific area shielding: | - Contact lead shield. - Breast tissue. - Projection. |
| Some views ex. PA are less exposure to the breast tissue than _______. | AP. |
| 1-mm lead flat contact shield for the female reduces exposure by about _______. | 50%. |
| What is the most common type of shield used in your hospital? | Contact shield. |
| To ensure a diagnostic radiograph with minimal patient dose use ___________________________. | Standardized Technique charts. |
| kVp | - High ______ and lower mAs reduces patient dose. - Changes the quality of the radiograph. - Affects contrast in film screen radiography. - Affects penetration in digital. |
| Air Gap technique | - An alternative to a radiographic grid. - This technique increases OID to allow scatter to pass through the patient but not reach the image receptor. - An accompanying increase in SID is required to decrease magnification. |
| Air Gap technique: | Uses an OID of 6 to 10 inches from the patient, with the tube 10 to 12 feet away from the IR, but are not effective for techniques 90 kVp or above. -Equivalent to an 8:1 grid. |
| Repeats | - Double patient dose. - Minimize. |
| ___________ lets us see our work habits and allows us to correct our errors. | Repeat analysis. |
| Entrance skin exposure (ESE) = | Skin dose 10R/min limits. |
| In __________, the amount of radiation that a patient receives is usually estimated by measuring the radiation exposure rate sat the tabletop and multiplying this by the fluoro time. | Fluoro. |
| Bone Marrow Dose | Also called mean marrow dose. |
| Bone Marrow Dose = | Dose of radiation delivered to an organs. |
| Genetically Significant Dose | Used to assess the impact of the gonadal dose in a population. |
| Overexposure by as much as _______ increase in patient dose for guided positioning. | 90%. |
| The Pregnant Patient | If the patient is within childbearing age and is being exposed to ionizing radiation in the pelvic area, it is strongly recommended that a pregnancy test be performed prior to radiation exposure. |
| The Pregnant Patient: | Avoid unnecessary procedures and if possible selectively schedule within the first few days after onset of menses. |
| What instrument is used to measure skin dose? | Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's). |
| Irradiation during unknown pregnancy | - The embryo-fetus exposure may be calculated if needed. - The radiation safety officer with the assistance of a medical physicist will take care of this task if necessary. |
| Pediatric Considerations: | - Projection. - Patient motion. - Immobilization. - Short exposure times. - Shielding. - Collimation. - Film size. |
| Irradiating a Pregnant Patient | - If patient is irradiated physicist must calculate fetal exposure. - Risk is considered negligible if 5 rad or less. - Appropriate exposure factors. - Shielding. - Collimation. |
| 1970 ICRP proposed the _______________. That stated 10 days after onset of menstral cycle, abdomens had to be postponed. Because the chance of pregnancy was so few and scheduling was difficult, the ______________ became obsolete but not unimportant. | 10 day rule. |
Created by:
sassyrad
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