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MSK
| Generic Name | Brand Name | Classification | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indications | Essential Knowledge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tizanidine (PO) | Zanaflex | Alpha2 agonist | Spasticity | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, hypotension, dizziness, xerostomia, weakness | |
| hydroxychloroquine (PO) | Plaquenil | Aminoquinolone | RA, SLE, malaria | Key Side Effects: retinal toxicity, rash, diarrhea Other Notes: long-term use has been associated with cardiomyopathy, bone marrow suppression, QT prolongation, and neuromuscular effects (i.e., myopathy, palsies, and progressive weakness) | |
| diclofenac (topical) | Voltaren Gel | OTC | NSAID | OA | Key Side Effects: pruritus, rash |
| diclofenac (PO) | Voltaren | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain | Side Effects: gas, diarrhea, indigestion, abdominal pain, N BBW: risk of serious/fatal CV (MI, stroke) and GI events (ulcers, bleeding, perforation) Other Notes: may impair kidney function—avoid in renal disease, heart failure, cirrhosis | |
| ibuprofen (PO) | Motrin, Advil | OTC | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain | Side Effects: gas, diarrhea, indigestion, abdominal pain, N BBW: risk of serious/fatal CV (MI, stroke) and GI events (ulcers, bleeding, perforation) Other Notes: may impair kidney function—avoid in renal disease, heart failure, cirrhosis |
| meloxicam (PO) | Mobic | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain | Side Effects: gas, diarrhea, indigestion, abdominal pain, N BBW: risk of serious/fatal CV (MI, stroke) and GI events (ulcers, bleeding, perforation) Other Notes: may impair kidney function—avoid in renal disease, heart failure, cirrhosis | |
| indomethacin (PO) | Indocin | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain, gout | Side Effects: gas, diarrhea, indigestion, abdominal pain, N BBW: risk of serious/fatal CV (MI, stroke) and GI events (ulcers, bleeding, perforation) Other Notes: may impair kidney function—avoid in renal disease, heart failure, cirrhosis | |
| naproxen (PO) | Naprosyn, Anaprox, Aleve | OTC | NSAID | OA, RA, acute pain, gout | Side Effects: gas, diarrhea, indigestion, abdominal pain, N BBW: risk of serious/fatal CV (MI, stroke) and GI events (ulcers, bleeding, perforation) Other Notes: may impair kidney function—avoid in renal disease, heart failure, cirrhosis |
| ketorolac (PO, IV) | Toradol | NSAID | Pain | Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain Warnings: ↑ risk of MI, stroke, GI bleed Ketorolac: use ≤ 5 days Note: avoid in renal/hepatic issues or heart failure | |
| celecoxib (PO) | Celebrex | NSAID, COX-2 selective | OA, RA, acute pain | Side Effects: gas, diarrhea, indigestion, abdominal pain, N BBW: risk of serious/fatal CV (MI, stroke) and GI events (ulcers, bleeding, perforation) Other Notes: may impair kidney function—avoid in renal disease, heart failure, cirrhosis | |
| cyclobenzaprine (PO) | Flexeril, Amrix, Fexmid | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Muscle spasm | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, fatigue Other Notes: use may cause prolonged cardiac arrhythmias, and tachycardia; CI within 14 days of MAOI therapy | |
| baclofen (PO) | n/a | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Spasticity | Key Side Effects: drowsiness | |
| methocarbamol (PO) | Robaxin | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Muscle spasm | Key Side Effects: drowsiness | |
| lidocaine (transdermal, IV) | Transdermal: Lidoderm, IV: Xylocaine | Transdermal: OTC | Transdermal: topical analgesic IV: antiarrhythmic | Transdermal: pain, IV: ventricular arrhythmias | Key Side Effects (transdermal): dermatitis, erythema, urticaria, skin depigmentation, skin edema Key Side Effects (IV): bradycardia Other Notes: patch may remain in place for up to 12 hours in any 24-hour period, patch may be cut |
| colchicine (PO) | Colcrys | Antigout agent | Gout | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, myopathy (including rhabdomyolysis) | |
| allopurinol (PO) | Zyloprim | Xanthine oxidase Inhibitor | Gout | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, rash, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia Other Notes: rare association with severe (and potentially fatal) allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (risk highest in certain Asian populations) | |
| succinylcholine (IV) | Anectine | Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent | Neuromuscular blockade for intubation or procedures | Key Side Effects: hyperkalemia, myalgia, malignant hyperthermia (rare) US Boxed Warning: acute rhabdomyolysis and hyperkalemia leading to cardiac arrest and death in pediatric patients with undiagnosed skeletal muscle disease | |
| etanercept (SQ) | Enbrel | Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor | RA | Key Side Effects: infection, injection site reaction, headache, nausea US Boxed Warning: serious infections, malignancies such as lymphoma | |
| adalimumab (SQ) | Humira | Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor | RA, Crohn’s Disease, Ulcerative Colitis | Key Side Effects: infection, injection site reaction, headache, nausea US Boxed Warning: serious infections, malignancies such as lymphoma |
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