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AsepticTech/InfecCo
Rad 111 Aseptic Technique and Infection Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a disease? | Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system (or combination thereof) of the body Caused by microorganisms Absence of health Health care practitioner must have an understanding of what infectious |
| What is an infection? | Establishment and growth of a microorganism on or in a host, resulting in injury to the host Caused by pathogenic organisms Pathogens have three functions Exotoxins cause side effects |
| What are the 3 functions of pathogens? | Multiply in large numbers and cause an obstruction Cause tissue damage Secrete organic substances called exotoxins |
| What is an exotoxin reaction? | High temperatures Nausea Vomiting Seizures |
| What are the 4 types of pathogens? | Bacteria Viruses Fungi Parasitic protozoa |
| What is an example of a bacteria? | strep, TB |
| What is the method of function for a virus? | Necessity of a healthy host, input DNA in RNA and replicate, cannot be killed by antibiotics |
| Characteristics of bacteria | Microscopic, single-celled organisms (DNA/RNA) Prokaryotes—lack nuclei and membrane-bound organelles Reside in host as a group or cluster called a colony Classified as cocci or spheres, bacilli or rods, and spirals |
| How can bacteria be identified? | staining—staining technique to classify bacteria |
| What are endospores? | Production of Bacteria , lies internally and metabolically dormant, highly resistant to external environment |
| Characteristics of Viruses | Carry their own DNA or RNA but never both Viral particle (virion) attaches to host cell, inserts its own genetic information, and then redirects host cell to produce new viruses. Not affected by antibiotics May lie dormant for extended periods of time |
| Factors affecting virus | Direct observation of a virus is possible only through an electron microscope, Size varies from 20-250 NM , cannot live outside of the body |
| Characteristics of Fungi | Eukaryotic (has nucleus and membrane-bound organelles) Size much larger than bacteria Medically important fungi are called dimorphic. Two forms: yeast and molds Diseases caused by fungi can be of four different classifications. |
| Characteristics of Parasitic protozoa | Organisms are neither plant nor animal. Larger than bacteria , Eukaryotic Live on or in other organisms at expense of host Usually have motile functionality Can ingest food particles, and some are equipped with digestive systems |
| Common parasitic infections: | pinworms, tapeworms, malaria, Trichomonas vaginalis |
| What is the chain for establishment of infections disease? | Encounter Entry Spread Multiplication Damage Outcome |
| What are two types of entry in the establishment of infectious disease? | Ingression Does not involve deep tissue penetration Involves attachment of organism to cell surface and excretion of toxins Penetration Involves pathogen invading past the epithelial barrier Involves various vectors |
| What is the definition of the incubation period? | The time from the host’s defenses being overcome until a substantial population has been achieved |
| In which step of the chain of infection does the incubation period occur? | Multiplication |
| What 2 types of damage can occur? | Direct- Cell death caused by destruction of the host cells or by release of toxins or poisons by the infectious agent Indirect- Alteration of host’s metabolism Infections can lead to most life-threatening diseases |
| What is the difference between a Vector and a Fomite? | Vector is a host organism, Fomite is a host inanimate object |
| What is the chain of infection? | Infectious Agent Reservoir Portal of Exit Mode of Transmission Portal of Entry Susceptible Host |
| What are 6 routes for disease transmission? | Air Droplet Contact Direct or Indirect (fomite) Transmission may be exogenous or endogenous Vector Fecal-Oral Transmission Bloodborne Transmission |
| What are the PPE for body substance precautions in all patient care? (STANDARD PRECAUTIONS) | Gloves - Membranes/Broken skin Apron - likely soiling eye protection- Splash risk |
| What factors increase potential nosocomial infections? | Age Heredity Nutritional status Stress Inadequate rest or exercise Personal choice habits Health history Inadequate defenses |
| What is the PPE for Enteric precautions? | Gloves, Gown, Bleach disinfection |
| What is the PPE for Droplet Plus? | Wear a mask upon entry. Insulation during procedure, and wear other PPE as needed (refer to standard precautions) |
| Droplet Precautions | Mask Required |
| Contact precautions | Handwashing Gloves/Gown for patient care |
| Aseptic Technique | Utilization of sterile field, 1 ft Field seperation, Dress: Mask Hat, Gown, Show cover |
Created by:
kdabney22
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