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ID 4
| Generic Name | Brand Name | Classification | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indications | Essential Knowledge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| terbinafine (PO, topical) | Lamisil | Topical: OTC | Allylamine antifungal | Onychomycosis | Key Side Effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, elevated hepatic transaminases, headache |
| fluconazole (PO, IV) | Diflucan | Azole antifungal | Vulvovaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, invasive candidiasis | Key Side Effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, elevated hepatic transaminases | |
| ketoconazole (PO, topical) | Nizoral | Topical: OTC | Azole antifungal | Tinea infections | Key Side Effects: Nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, ↑ LFTs Boxed Warnings: Severe hepatotoxicity (incl. fatal/liver transplant cases); QTc prolongation and related drug interactions |
| nystatin (PO) | n/a | Polyene antifungal | Oropharyngeal candidiasis | Key Side Effects: phlebitis, diarrhea, vomiting, anemia, fever | |
| nystatin (topical) | Nystop | Polyene antifungal | Cutaneous and mucocutaneous fungal infections | Key Side Effects: burning, itching Other Notes: only use oral solutions for thrush | |
| micafungin (IV) | Mycamine | Echinocandin antifungal | Invasive candidiasis | Key Side Effects: no major side effects | |
| betamethasone and clotrimazole (topical) | Lotrisone | Glucocorticoid and azole antifungal | Cutaneous fungal infections | Key Side Effects: burning, itching, dryness, skin atrophy Other Notes: do not use for diaper dermatitis; adrenal suppression with long-term use over large areas of skin | |
| oseltamivir (PO) | Tamiflu | Neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral | Influenza | Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, neuropsychiatric events (i.e., confusion, delirium, hallucinations) in pediatric patients (rare) | |
| acyclovir (PO, IV) | Zovirax | Antiviral | Herpes simplex virus | Key Side Effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases, crystalluria Other Notes: vesicant | |
| valacyclovir (PO) | Valtrex | Antiviral | Herpes simplex virus | Key Side Effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases | |
| nirmatrelvir + ritonavir (PO) | Paxlovid | Antiviral | COVID-19 | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, dysgeusia US Boxed Warning: significant drug interactions; strong CYP3A inhibitor | |
| remdesivir (IV) | Veklury | Antiviral | COVID-19 | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, renal impairment | |
| emtricitabine + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (PO) | Truvada | Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) | HIV Infection, PreP, PEP | Key Side Effects: decreased bone mineral density, kidney injury, nausea, diarrhea US Boxed Warnings: post treatment acute exacerbation of hepatitis B, risk of drug resistance with use for preexposure prophylaxis | |
| emtricitabine (NRTI) + tenofovir alafenamide (NRTI) + bictegravir (INSTI) (PO) | Biktarvy | Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) and Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) | HIV Infection | Key Side Effects: ↑ bilirubin, headache, weight gain, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea Boxed Warning: Hep B flare after treatment Notes: Separate from Ca/Al/Mg/Fe products by 2–6 hrs |
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