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CV 3
| Generic Name | Brand Name | Classification | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indications | Essential Knowledge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dabigatran (PO) | Pradaxa | Anticoagulant, direct thrombin inhibitor | AF (stroke prevention), VTE | Key Side Effects: Bleeding, dyspepsia Boxed Warnings: Early discontinuation ↑ thrombotic risk; spinal/epidural hematoma risk in pts undergoing spinal puncture Notes: Swallow whole; keep & store in original packaging; discard after 4 months after opening | |
| apixaban (PO) | Eliquis | Anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor | AF (stroke prevention), VTE | Key Side Effects: bleeding US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events; increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patient undergoing spinal puncture | |
| rivaroxaban (PO) | Xarelto | Anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor | AF (stroke prevention), VTE, PAD | Key Side Effects: bleeding US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events; increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patient undergoing spinal puncture | |
| warfarin (PO) | Coumadin, Jantoven | Anticoagulant, vitamin K antagonist | AF (stroke prevention), VTE | Side Effects: Bleeding, skin necrosis Boxed Warning: Bleeding risk Notes: NTI drug—monitor INR; dose-dependent tablet colors; stable vitamin K intake; many drug interactions | |
| enoxaparin (SQ) | Lovenox | Anticoagulant, low molecular weight heparin | ACS, VTE | Key Side Effects: bleeding, HIT US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patients undergoing spinal puncture Other Notes: do not expel air bubble from syringe prior to injection | |
| heparin (IV, SQ) | n/a | Anticoagulant | ACS, VTE | Key Side Effects: bleeding, hyperkalemia (chronic use), HIT | |
| clopidogrel (PO) | Plavix | Antiplatelet agent | CAD, stroke | Key Side Effects: bleeding US Boxed Warnings: diminished effectiveness in poor metabolizers | |
| ticagrelor (PO) | Brilinta | Antiplatelet agent | ACS | Key Side Effects: bleeding, dyspnea US Boxed Warnings: significant, sometimes fatal bleeding; do not exceed aspirin >100 mg daily due to reduced ticagrelor effectiveness | |
| aspirin (PO) | Bayer, Bufferin, Ecotrin | OTC | Antiplatelet agent | ACS, stable angina, pain, stroke | Key Side Effects: dyspepsia, heartburn, bleeding Other Notes: CI in NSAID or salicylate allergy, children and teenagers with viral infection (due to Reye’s syndrome), can cause tinnitus in salicylate overdose |
| nitroglycerin (SL) | Nitrostat | Vasodilator | ACS, stable angina | Key Side Effects: headache, flushing, syncope, dizziness Other Notes: do not use with PDE-5 Inhibitors; tachyphylaxis (tolerance/ ↓ effectiveness); can aggravate angina causes by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | |
| alteplase (intracatheter, IV) | Intracatheter: Cathflo Activase, IV: Activase | Fibrinolytic | Intracatheter: catheter clearance IV: STEMI, acute ischemic stroke, PE | Key Side Effects: bleeding Other Notes: CI in patients with severe uncontrolled HTN |
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