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CV 2
| Generic Name | Brand Name | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indications | Essential Knowledge |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| spironolactone (PO) | Aldactone | Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) | HTN, HF, ascites | Key Side Effects: gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, hypotension |
| furosemide (PO, IV) | Lasix | Loop diuretic | Volume overload | Key Side Effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypotension US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss |
| torsemide (PO) | Soaanz | Loop diuretic | Volume overload | Key Side Effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypotension |
| atenolol (PO) | Tenormin | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| metoprolol tartrate (PO, IV) | Lopressor | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| metoprolol succinate (PO) | Toprol-XL | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| nebivolol (PO) | Bystolic | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | HTN | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| esmolol (IV) | Brevibloc | Beta1-selective beta-blocker | HTN, AF (rate control), hypertensive emergency | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia; CI with pulmonary hypertension |
| carvedilol (PO) | Coreg, Coreg CR | Non-selective beta-blocker and alpha1 blocker | HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| labetalol (PO, IV) | Trandate | Non-selective beta-blocker and alpha1 blocker | PO: HTN, IV: hypertensive crisis | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| propranolol (PO) | Inderal LA, Inderal XL | Non-selective beta-blocker | HTN, CAD, migraine prophylaxis | Key Side Effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia |
| clonidine (PO, transdermal) | PO: Catapres, Transdermal: Catapres-TTS | Alpha2 agonist | HTN, ADHD | Key Side Effects: xerostomia, drowsiness, contact dermatitis (transdermal), hypotension US Boxed Warnings: avoid epidural use Other Notes: do not discontinue abruptly; taper to reduce rebound HTN |
| hydralazine (PO, IV) | n/a | Direct arterial vasodilator | HTN | Key Side Effects: hypotension, drug-induced lupus-like syndrome Other Notes: CI in CAD |
| epinephrine (IV, IM, SQ) | Adrenalin, EpiPen | Beta1, beta2, and alpha1 agonist | Advanced cardiac life support, shock, anaphylaxis, bradycardia | Key Side Effects: tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia, hyperglycemia |
| norepinephrine (IV) | Levophed | Alpha1 agonist (predominantly), beta1 and beta2 agonist | Shock | Key Side Effects: tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia US Boxed Warning: extravasation (central line administration preferred) |
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