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Homostatis and psych
revision on sci test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a stimulus? | A change in the environment that your body can detect and respond to. |
| Give 3 examples of stimuli? | Heat, light, sound. |
| What detects a stimulus? | Receptors (e.g. in your skin, eyes, ears). |
| What does the nervous system do? | It sends fast electrical messages around the body to control responses. |
| What are the 2 main parts of the nervous system? | Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). |
| What does the CNS and PNS consist of? | The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, the CNS's responsibilities include receiving, processing, and responding The PNS consists of all the nerves. This includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, along with their sensory and motor endings. |
| What type of systems does the PNS consist of? | Somatic and automatic nervous systems. |
| What does the autonomic nervous system control? | Involuntary actions — things your body does automatically (like breathing, heartbeat, digestion). |
| What type of muscles does the autonomic system control? | Smooth muscles and glands (e.g. stomach, heart, lungs). |
| What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system? | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems. |
| What does the somatic nervous system control? | Voluntary movements — things you choose to do, like walking or writing. |
| What type of muscles does the somatic system control? | Skeletal muscles. |
| What does the sympathetic nervous system do? | Speeds up body functions — “fight or flight” response (e.g. increased heart rate). |
| What does the parasympathetic nervous system do? | Slows things down — “rest and digest” mode (e.g. relaxing your body, slowing your heartbeat). |
| What is the endocrine system? | A system of glands that send chemical messages (hormones) through the blood. |
| What is a hormone? | A chemical messenger made by glands. |
| How are hormones different from nerve signals? | Hormones are slower but last longer. |
| What does the pancreas do? | Releases insulin to control blood sugar. |
| What does the adrenal gland do? | Releases adrenaline for fight-or-flight response. |
| What hormone do the ovaries make? | Oestrogen (controls puberty and menstrual cycle in females) |
| What hormone do the testes make? | Testosterone (controls puberty in males). |
| What does the pituitary gland do? | It’s the “master gland” – tells other glands what to do) |
| What does the Pineal Gland do and where is it located? | Location: Deep in the middle of the brain. Hormone: Melatonin Job: Controls your sleep-wake cycle (your body clock). Fun fact: It helps you feel sleepy when it gets dark. |
| What does the Thymus Gland do and where is it located? | Location: Upper chest, behind your breastbone. Hormone: Thymosin Job: Helps develop white blood cells (T-cells) for your immune system. fun fact: It's most active when you're young, then gets smaller with age. |
| What does the Thyroid Gland do and where is it located? | Location: front your neck (like a bow tie). Hormone: Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) Job: Controls your metabolism – how fast your body uses energy. Symptoms if not working: Too much = fast heartbeat, skinny; Too little = tired, weight gain. |
| What does Hypothalamus Gland do and where is it located? | Location: In the brain, above the pituitary gland. Hormones: Several – including TRH, CRH, and others. Job: Links the nervous system and the endocrine system. Tells the pituitary gland what to do! Think of it as: The boss of the master gland. |
| reflex arc (Fast Automatic Response) A reflex is a quick reaction without thinking. E.g. pulling your hand away from something hot. give us the steps of how this would work? | 1.Stimulus (heat) 2.Detected by a receptor (in skin) 3.Travels through sensory neuron 4.To spinal cord (CNS) 5.Message sent through motor neuron 6.To an effector (e.g. muscle) 7.Response: pull hand away |
| Define Receptor: | detects stimulus (e.g. skin, eyes, ears) |
| Define Neurons: | nerve cells that carry messages |
| Define Effector: | organ or muscle that reacts (e.g. hand pulls away) |
| What is homeostasis? | The process of keeping the body's internal conditions stable. |
| Why is homeostasis important? | So cells can work properly and the body stays healthy. |
| What are three things homeostasis controls? | Body temperature, blood sugar, water levels. |
| :What hormone lowers blood sugar? | Insulin. |
| What hormone raises blood sugar? | Glucagon. |
| Which organ produces insulin and glucagon? | The pancreas. |
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