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Rad Protection Ch.1
Intro to Radiation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absorbed Dose | The amount of energy per unit mass absorbed by an irradiated object. This absorbed energy is responsible for any biological damage resulting from the tissues being exposed to radiation. |
| ALARA | As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
| Alert Levels | When patient dose is predicted to or has actually substantially exceeded present dose levels, the staff radiologist is notified. |
| Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging | A partnership of medical societies, founded in 2007, whose overall common purpose is to reduce dose for pediatric patients. |
| Background Equivalent Radiation Time (BERT) | Method to compare the amount of radiation received from a radiologic procedure with natural background radiation received over a specified period such as days, weeks, months, or years. |
| Biological Effects | Is based on strong evidence that living tissue of animals and humans can be damaged by exposure to ionizing radiation. |
| Coulomb per Kilogram (C/Kg) | Is what exposure is measured with. |
| Diagnostic Efficacy | The degree to which a diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient. |
| Effective Dose | Is an attempt to provide a quantity that is a measure of general harm in humans. |
| Exposure | Is the amount of ionization produced in air when ionizing radiation is present. |
| Gray (Gy) | SI unit of absorbed dose and air kerma. |
| Ionizing radiation | Radiation that produces positive and negatively charged particles (ions) when passing through matter. |
| Milligray (mGy) | A subunit of a gray equal to one one-thousandth of a gray. |
| Milliroentgens (mR) | A subunit of roentgen a nonmetric unit likewise used for measuring the ionizing capacity of radiation. |
| Millisievert (mSv) | A subunit of a sievert equal to one one-thousandth of a sievert. |
| Occupational and Nonoccupational doses | Upper boundary of ionizing radiation for which there is a negligible risk of bodily injury or genetic damage. |
| Optimization for radiation protection (ORP) | New term for ALARA. |
| Radiation | The transfer of kinetic energy or energy of motion from one location to another. |
| Radiation Protection | Effective measures employed by radiation workers to safeguard patients, personnel and the general public from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation. |
| Reference Values | Based upon large-scale surveys of actual measurements of x-ray machines in hospitals. |
| Risk | The probability of injury, ailment or death resulting from an activity. In the medical industry with reference to the radiation sciences, is the possibility of inducing a radiographic cancer or genetic defect after irradiation. |
| Sievert (Sv) | The SI unit of measure for the radiation quantities, equivalent dose and effective dose. |
| Radiation protection | Effective measures employed by radiation workers to safeguard patients, personnel and the general public from UNNECESSARY exposure to ionizing radiation: - Protect persons from both short-term and long term effects of radiation. |
| Exposure | - Measurement of ionization produce in air. - Measured in C/kg or mR. |
| Absorbed Dose | - The amount of energy that is deposited in a material per unit mass of the material. - Measured in mGyt. |
| Effective Dose | - Intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation. - Measured in mSv. |
| Exposure | Gya. |
| Absorbed Dose: | GyT. |
| Who's responsibility is it to minimize the exposure time to patient's to ionizing radiation? | Rad Tech. |
| BERT | 1. Does not imply radiation risk, only compares. 2. Emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment. 3. BERT comparisons are easy for the patients to comprehend. |
| Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging | - Founded in 2007. - Raised awareness of potentially high radiation exposure from computed tomography. |
| Image Gently | - Started in 2008. - Increased awareness of dose reduction techniques for CT imaging. |
| Image Wisely | The objective of lowering the amount of radiation used in medically necessary imaging studies and eliminating unnecessary procedures. |
| Monitoring and Reporting Radiation Dose | - Trend toward more rigorous reporting of patient dose in radiology. - CT and interventional procedures are more cognizant of patient dose recording. - Required in some states. |
| NEXT (Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends) | - Project conducted by the FDA and the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors and state health departments - Provides data on systems as they exist in the US to date with reference to current radiation dose values. |
| Standardized Dose Reporting | It makes radiographers and other radiation uses aware of the dose given to a patient and allows them to make educated decisions regarding dosing patients. |
| Protocols for Dose Alerts | - When patient dose is predicted to or has substantially exceeded present dose levels, the staff radiologist is notified. - A medical physicist may be called upon to estimate patient doses such as effective dose, peak skin dose, or fetal dose. |
Created by:
sassyrad
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