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Informational Text
Informational Text Structure Terms, Functions, Examples
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cause/effect | to show what happens and why |
| problem/solution | to introduce a problem and show how it is solved |
| compare/contrast | to show how things are similar or different |
| claim/counter claim/evidence | to develop an argument by giving evidence and refuting the argument in opposition |
| cause/effect | since, because, due to, as a result, consequently/contrast |
| problem/solution | so that, problem, challenge, resolve, answer |
| compare/contrast | unlike, but, both, too, in addition, however, meanwhile |
| claim/counter claim/evidence | for this reason, in fact, notably, furthermore, on the other hand, despite |
| allusion | reference to well known people or things |
| mood | The emotional response a writer or speaker causes |
| rhetoric | using language to persuade |
| syntax | the arrangement of words and phrases for effect |
| hyperbole | extreme exaggeration |
| verbal irony | what is actually meant is the opposite of what is said |
| situational irony | What actually happens is the opposite of what is expected |
| dramatic irony | The reader or listener knows something that the character does not. |
| metaphor | figure of speech comparing two unlike things by saying one thing is something else |
| parallelism | the use of grammatically similar phrases or sentences |
| rhetorical questioning | asking a question for effect rather than an answer |
| rhetorical techniques | stylistic or literary devices or language used to convey a point or convince an audience |
| connotation | the idea or feeling a word invokes |
| denotation | the literal meaning or dictionary definition of a word |
| tone | the attitude an author shows toward their subject |
| argument | seeks to persuade or convince |
| claims | assertion that something is true |
| valid | based on logic or fact |
| point of view (POV) | an author's perspective on a topic or idea |
| seminal document | a document, speech, law, treaty, or legal decision that has influenced or shaped a nation's culture |
| diction | an author's choice of words and phrases in their writing |
| objective tone | a writer's fact driven, serious, and seemingly neutral attitude toward a subject |
| direct characterization | information offered about the character provided by the narrator or other characters |
| indirect characterization | information about the character provided by the character's thoughts, words, actions, or appearance |
| figurative language | a way of expressing things in nonliteral ways using figures of speech |
| idiom | a type of figurative language in which an expression that is a widely used and understood does not make sense based on the individual meaning of the words |
| personification | giving human characteristics to animals, inanimate objects, ideas, or forces of nature |
| simile | figure of speech comparing two unlike things by saying one thing is like or as something else |
| stream of consciousness | a literary device that tries to capture the natural flow of a character's thought process in a realistic way, including sensory perceptions and incomplete ideas |
| theme | a central, unifying idea usually a life lesson about human nature, society, relationships, etc. that an author is trying to convey in a piece of literature, |
| extended metaphor | a metaphor that is communicated over several lines or paragraphs of a passage |
| imagery | an author's use of language to create vivid pictures in readers' minds |
| archetype | an idea, symbol, behavioral pattern, or type of character in a story that conveys a universal meaning |
| universal truth | statements about human nature, society, relationships, etc. that are widely considered as truth across cultures and time periods |
| source material | original or authoritative material an author uses for ideas and information |
| motifs | recurrent themes or characteristics used in a piece of literature sometime in different ways |
Created by:
Ruwilliams-MOCA
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