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Skeletal System

TermDefinition
Skeletal System A solid framework of bones and connective tissues that supports the body, protects organs, and enables movement.
Homeostasis The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body; bones absorb or release calcium into the blood to maintain balance.
Appendicular Skeleton The 126 bones of the appendages (arms and legs) and girdles (shoulder and pelvic) that provide support and flexibility.
Axial Skeleton The 80 bones along the central axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, that protect internal organs.
Joints Connections between bones that hold the skeleton together and support movement.
Compact Bone The dense, hard outer layer of bone that provides strength and protection.
Periosteum A tough, fibrous membrane that covers and protects the outer surface of bones, containing blood vessels and nerves.
Spongy Bone The lighter, porous inner bone tissue with a honeycomb-like structure that reduces weight while maintaining strength.
Bone Marrow Soft connective tissue inside bones that produces blood cells; found inside the pores of spongy bone.
Ligaments Tough bands of connective tissue that connect bones to other bones at joints.
Tendons Strong connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, allowing for movement.
Exoskeleton An external skeletal system made of chitin and calcium carbonate that provides protection to creatures such as insects and crustaceans.
Endoskeleton An internal skeleton of an animal (vertebrates), comprised of bone and cartilage that grows with the body.
Long Bones Bones that are longer than they are wide, supporting weight and facilitating movement; examples include the femur, humerus, and tibia.
Short Bones Cube-shaped bones that provide stability; examples include the carpals in the wrist and tarsals in the ankle.
Irregular Bones Bones with complex shapes that protect internal organs; examples include vertebrae and facial bones.
Flat Bones Thin, flattened bones that protect internal organs and provide surfaces for muscle attachment; examples include the skull, ribs, and scapula.
Sesamoid Bones Small bones embedded in tendons that reinforce and protect tendons from stress; examples include the patella (kneecap).
Fibrous Joints Joints that cannot move; bones are connected by fibrous tissue.
Cartilaginous Joints Joints that move slightly; bones are connected by cartilage.
Synovial Joints Joints that allow full movement (most joints in the body); bone surfaces are protected by cartilage and supported by ligaments.
Osteoporosis A disease characterized by loss of bone tissue, particularly in elderly people, making bones fragile and more likely to break.
Osteomalacia Softening of the bones associated with vitamin D deficiency, causing pain and weakness.
Arthritis An inflammatory disease that damages joints and surrounding tissue, causing pain and reduced mobility.
Scoliosis An abnormal side-to-side curve in the spine that becomes evident during adolescence.
Bone Cancer A rare type of cancer (1% of all cancers) that originates in the bone tissue.
Functions of Skeletal System Support and protect body tissues and organs; enable movement; produce blood cells; store minerals and energy; maintain homeostasis.
Blood Cell Production Red bone marrow inside larger bones produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Mineral Storage Bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus that can be released when needed by the body.
Energy Storage Bones store chemical energy in the form of fatty acids in yellow bone marrow.
Female vs. Male Skeleton Female pelvis is wider, flatter, and more circular; female skeletons are not as massive; female ribcage is more rounded and smaller.
Bone Strength It takes 25-160 pounds of pressure to break an average bone.
Adult vs. Baby Skeleton A newborn baby has more bones than an adult (about 300 vs. 206) because some bones fuse together during growth.
Created by: claire hagen
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