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Tests & Measurements
Test Development
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biased test item | An item that favors one particular group of examinees in relation to another when differences in group ability are controlled |
| Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) | An interactive, computer-administered test-taking process wherein items presented to the test taker are based in part on the test taker’s performance on previous items |
| Guttman scale | Named for its developer, a scale wherein items range sequentially from weaker to stronger expressions of the attitude or belief being measured |
| Ipsative scoring | An approach to test scoring and interpretation wherein the test taker’s responses and the presumed strength of a measured trait are interpreted relative to the measured strength of other traits for that test taker |
| item Analysis | A general term to describe various procedures, usually statistical, designed to explore how individual test items work as compared to other items in the test and in the context of the whole test |
| Item characteristic curve (ICC) | A graphic representation of the probabilistic relationship between a person’s level on a trait (or ability or other characteristic being measured) and the probability for responding to an item in a predicted way |
| Item difficulty index | In achievement or ability testing and other contexts in which responses are keyed correct, a statistic indicating how many test takers responded correctly to an item |
| Item discrimination index | A statistic designed to indicate how adequately a test item discriminates between high and low scorers |
| Item reliability index | A statistic designed to provide an indication of a test’s internal consistency; the higher the item reliability index, the greater the test’s internal consistency |
| Item validity index | statistic indicating the degree to which a test measures what it purports to measure |
| Likert scale | Named for its developer, a summative rating scale with five alternative responses ranging on a continuum from, for example, “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree,” |
| Pilot work | the preliminary research surrounding the creation of a prototype test; a general objective is to determine how best to measure, gauge, assess, or evaluate the targeted construct(s) |
| Test construction | A stage in the process of test development that entails writing test items (or rewriting or otherwise revising existing items), as well as formatting items, setting scoring rules, and otherwise designing and building a test |
| Test development | An umbrella term for all that goes into the process of creating a test |
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awilliams0526
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