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Tests & Measurements
Statistics Refresher
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Correlation | an expression of the degree and direction of correspondence between two things |
| Evidence-based practice | Methods, protocols, techniques, and procedures, used by professionals, that have a basis in clinical and research findings |
| Histogram | A graph with vertical lines drawn at the true limits of each test score (or class interval), forming a series of contiguous rectangles |
| Mean | a measure of central tendency and a statistic at the ratio level of measurement |
| mode | a measure of central tendency that is nominal in nature |
| median | a measure of central tendency that takes into account the order of scores and is ordinal in nature |
| Nominal Scales | classification or categorization based on one or more distinguishing characteristics, where all things measured must be placed into mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories |
| ordinal Scales | categories with a clear and uncontroversial order Measurements in which people are ranked |
| interval Scales | meaningful distances between numbers |
| ratio scales | true zero point, which indicates the absence of the thing being measured |
| Pearson r | a widely used statistic for obtaining an index of the relationship between two variables when that relationship is linear and when the two correlated variables are continuous |
| Normal distribution | a distribution with the greatest frequency of scores occurring near the arithmetic mean |
| Positive Skew | When relatively few of the scores fall at the high end of the distribution |
| Negative Skew | Relatively few scores in a distribution fall at the low end |
| Scatterplot | bivariate distribution a graphic representation of correlation accomplished by the simple graphing of the coordinate points for values of the X-variable and the Y-variable |
| Standard deviation | A measure of variability equal to the square root of the averaged squared deviations about the mean; a measure of variability equal to the square root of the variance |
| Variance | A measure of variability equal to the arithmetic mean of the squares of the differences between the scores in a distribution and their mean |
| T scores | standard score calculated using a scale with a mean set at 50 and a standard deviation set at 10 |
| Z scores | A standard score derived by calculating the difference between a particular raw score and the mean and then dividing by the standard deviation; |
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awilliams0526
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