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What are the Earths chemical layers
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Crust
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APES Unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the Earths chemical layers | -Crust -Mantle -Core |
| Crust | The outermost layer, composed of oxygen, silicon, aluminum, magnesium, iron, etc |
| Mantle | The layer of Earth above the ocre, composed of silicate rocks, magnesium, and iron |
| Core | The innermost zone of Earth's interior, composed mostly of iron and nickel |
| Earths Physical Layers | -Lithosphere -Asthenosphere -Mesosphere -Outer core -Inner core |
| Lithosphere | Solid |
| Astehnosphere | Semi-molten rock |
| Mesosphere | Composed of molten rock (Magma) that slowly circulates in convection cells |
| Outer Core | Liquid metal; movement is responsible for earth's magnetic field |
| Inner core | Solid metal due to pressure |
| Hot Spots | When heat causes plumes of hot Magma to well upward from the mantle |
| Transform Fault Boundary | An area where tectonic plates move sideways past each other leading to a fault or a fracture in the rock of the crust |
| Divergent plate boundary | An area beneath the ocean where tectonic plates move away from each other |
| Seafloor spreading | The formation of new ocean crust as a result of Magma pushing upward and outward from Earth's mantle to the surface |
| Convergent Plate Boundary | An area where plates move towards one another and collide |
| Subduction | When one plate goes under another plate |
| Igneous rocks | Rock formed directly from cooled magma EX: Granite |
| What rock is the main type in the ocean | Basalt |
| What rock is the main type in continental | Granite |
| Sedimentary Rocks | Rock that forms when sediments such as muds, sands, or gravels are compressed by overlying sediments EX: Conglomerate |
| Metamorphic Rocks | Rock that forms when sedimentary rock, igneous rocks, or other metamorphic rock is subjected to high temps and pressure EX: Gneiss |
| Physical weathering | Mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals, usually caused by water, wind, or variations in temperature such as seasonal freeze thaw cycles |
| Chemical weathering | Breakdown of rocks and minerals by chemical reactions, the dissolving of chemical elements from rocks, or both these processes |
| Erosion | Physical removal of rock fragments form a landscape or ecosystem |
| Soils in order from highest to lowest | -O -A -E -B -C |
| O horizon | Organic horizon at the surface, with organic detritus in various stages of decomposition, the bottom layer composed of humus |
| A horizon | The top layer of soil, compromising organic material and minerals that have been mixed together, sometimes called topsoil |
| E horizon | A zone of leaching or eluviation, found in some acidic soils under the O horizon, or less often, the A horizon |
| B horizon | Commonly known as subsoil, primarily mineral material with very little organic matter |
| C horizon | The least weathered soil horizon, always below the b horizon, similar to he parent material |
| REMINDER | MOST SOILS HAVE EITHER AN O HORIZON OR AN A HORIZON AND USUALLY NOT BOTH |
| Water holding capacity | Amount of water soil can hold against the draining force of gravity |
| Watershed | Area of land that drains into a particular body of water |
| Albedo | Areas of the earth that reflect more solar energy |
| High albedo | Ice, snow, light color |
| Low albedo | Asphalt, dark colors |
| How much is the earth tilted | 23.5 degrees |
| What are the 2 primary gasses in the atmosphere | Nitrogen and Oxygen |
| Layers of the Earth's atmosphere | -Troposphere -Stratosphere -Ozone layer -Mesosphere -Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere |
| Trophosphere | Layer of the atmosphere closest to the surface of the Earth and is the densest layer -Where Earth's weather occurs -Where we live |
| Stratosphere | Layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere -Where you fly a plane |
| Ozone layer | Located between the troposphere and stratosphere that absorbs most of the suns UV ryas |
| Adiabatic Cooling | The cooling effect of reduced pressure on air as it rises in the atmosphere and expands |
| Adiabatic Heating | Increased pressure on air as it sinks toward the surface of the earth and decreases in volume |
| Latent Heat Release | The release of energy when weather vapor in the atmosphere condenses into liquid water |
| Atmospheric Convection currents | Global patterns of air movement that are initiated by the unequal heating of the Earth-regions near the earth receive more solar radiation than regions near the poles |
| Hadley cells | Convection currents that cycle between the equator and 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S |
| Polar Cells | Convection currents formed by air rising at 60 degrees N and 60 degrees S |
| Ferrell Cells | Convection currents found between Hadley and polar Cells fitting in like a gear |
| Coriolis effect | The deflection of an object's path due to the rotation of the earth |
| Gyre | A large-scale pattern of water circulation on the oceans surface that moves clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere |
| Thermohaline | Temperature and Salt |
Created by:
sydeboswell