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Part C
Mitosis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cancer cells | can undergo mitosis an unlimited number of times |
| Tumor | cells that clump together due to an uncontrollable urge to divide -> never dies on its own -> does not function normally, its DNA (the nucleotide sequence changes in a codon) becomes mutated by genetics (smoking - mutagens) |
| Apoptosis | cells die when it is too old to function (process of suicide) has a specialized function (cell suicide) |
| Cytokinesis | the cell is dividing cell membrane pinches off in the middle and separates into 2 daughter cells (EXACT same cell) |
| 1st growth phase G1 | cell is growing and developing its own organelles |
| 2nd growth phase (synthesis phase) G2 | the chromosomes replicate in the nucleus (x2 chromosomes) -> the DNA strands have not been replicated or have been damaged |
| 3rd phase phase (metaphase) M | the chromosomes have not attached themselves to the spindle fibres and have not moved opposite poles during anaphase |
| Prophase | centrioles move opposite poles nuclear envelope disappears chromosomes coil up visible structures |
| Metaphase | spindle fibres attach onto the chromosomes (centrosomes) and line them up in the middle |
| Anaphase | spindle fibres attach and pull 1/2 the chromosomes towards each centrioles |
| Telophase | spindle fibres are back in the centrioles |