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Genes
genes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are chromosomes? | Thread-like structure made up of DNA which controls functions and characteristics of cells. Coils during Cell division. Wrapped around protein |
| How many chromosomes in a cell? How many during synthesis phase? | 23, 46 |
| What is chromatin? | The string/thread in chromosomes. Not wrapped around protein |
| What are the 3 parts of DNA? | P (Phosphate), D (Deoxyribose), 4 Nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G) |
| What does DNA stand for? | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? | A = Adenine, T = Thymine, C = Cytosine, G = Guanine |
| What is a Codon? | A 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid. |
| What is a nucleotide? | A nucleotide is the "steps" of the DNA strand. Steps are the pairs of nitrogenous bases. |
| What is another name for nucleotide? | Rungs |
| What are amino acids? | A different codon sequence creates an amino acid. A bunch of amino acids create a protein. 20 different amino acids |
| What is a gene? | Segment of DNA strand which contains a certain trait of an individual. Codon sequence in gene segment controls how organism with certain trait will turn out |
| What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)? | The body does not have an enzyme to digest amino acid phenylalanine found in certain proteins. Causes brain damage |
| How to test for PKU? | Test a baby's blood to see if they have the protein enzyme. Blood is usually extracted at heel of baby's foot. |
| What is Down Syndrome? | Genetic Disease happens when embryo has extra chromosome |
| How to test for Down Syndrome? | Amniotic sac fluid is withdrawn and a micrograph of each of hte pairs of chromosomes is taken (Karyotype) |
| What is the test for Down Syndrome called? | Amniocentesis |
| What is a karyotype? | Micrograph of all pairs of chromosomes |
| What is Huntington Disease? | A disease that affects nerve cells so that a person loses muscle control. |
| How to test for Huntington Disease? | DNA screening of individual for a certain gene. If 1 parent has the gene, you have a 50% chance to get it. |
| What is a Transgenic Organism | Genetically modified organism (GMO) whose genes are altered or genes from other species are inserted. |
| What is genetic engineering? | Process of combining genes (DNA) from organism to another |
| Give an example of genetic engineering. | Oraniwi, E.coli Bacteria |
| When does a mutation occur? | Occurs when codon sequence in gene segment of DNA strand is changedd in the order. Creates an abnormality in the protein |
| What is a mutagen? | Radiation or substances that cause genes to mutate |
| What is cloning? When does it occur naturally? | process of creating identical genetic copies of an organism. Occurs naturally in plants: cuttings of a plant can grow a new plant when you root them. |
| What are the steps to cloning? | 1. Remove nucleus of unfertilized egg. 2.Cell from adult is removed and put in a chemical egg with unfertilized egg. 3. Cell and egg fused by jolt of electricity. 4. Cells divide to form embryo. 5. Embryo implanted in surrogate |
Created by:
CKChung
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