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Part B

Genes

TermDefinition
Huntington disease a disease that affects nerve cell so that a person loses muscle control -> if one parent has the gene, you have a 50% chance of getting the disease
Downsyndrome The genetic disease occurs when an embryo has an extra chromosome -> amniotic sac fluid is withdrawn and a micrograph of each of the pari of chromosomes is taken (karyotype)
Phenylketonuria (PKD) the body does not have an enzyme (type of protein) to digest the amino acid phenylalanine found in certain proteins -> cause brain damage
Genetic engineering the process of combining genes (DNA) from one organism to another
Transgenic organism A genetically modified (GMO). Genes are altered or genes from another species are inserted
Mutations occurs when a codon sequence in the gene segment of the DNA strand is changed in the order it was in -> created abnormality of t he protein in the codon. This makes the protein unable to do its proper function ATG (codon) AGT (mutated codon)
Mutagens radiation or substances that cause the genes to mutate EX: smoking, drugs -mutagens that affect codons not in gene Segment does not change any traits of the organism
Cloning process of creating identical genetic copies of an organism cloning occurs in plants naturally
Chromosomes A thread like structure made up of DNA which controls the function of a cell (chromatin) humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes coils up when undergoing cell division
Codon a 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order determines the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid -> 20 amino acids
Protein amino acids join together to form a chain (protein) which carries out a specific task set out from the DNA EX: muscle development, enzymes, hormones
Gene a segment of a DNA strand which controls a certain trait of an individual EX: height, hair type, body type
Gene continued the codon sequence in the gene segment controls how the organism with the certain trait will turn out
4 nitrogenous bases adenine <-> thymine (A) (T) guanine <-> cytosine (G) (C)
Created by: ericayng
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