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Genes

termmeaning
chromatins thread like structure made up of DNA which controls the function/characteristics of a cell
chromosomes what coils up when undergoing cell division
3 parts of a DNA? Phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), and the nitrogenous bases
nitrogenous bases Adenine (A) - Thymine (T) Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C)
nucleotide a pair of the nitrogenous bases
Amino Acids what the codons code to make
proteins amino acids join together to form a chain which carries out a specific task set out from the DNA
gene a segment of your DNA strand which controls a certain trait of a person codon sequence in the gene segment controls how the organism with the certain trait will turn out
Phenylkentonuria (PKU) when the body does not have an enzyme to digest the animo acid phenylalanine found in certain proteins --> causes brain damage Test: test a baby's blood to see if they have the protein enzyme
down syndrome this genetic disease occurs when anembryo has an extra chromosome. test: test the fluid of the mother and a micrograph of each of the pairs of chromosomes are taken (karyotype, micrograph that shows all the pairs of chromosomes)
Huntington disease a disease that affects the nerve cells so that a person loses muscle control test: a DNA screening of the individual for the gene.
genetic engineering the process of combining genes (DNA) from one organism to another
transgenic organism a genetically modified organism (GMO) whose genes are altered or genes from other species is inserted
mutation occurs when the codon sequence in the gene segment of the DNA is changes in the order it was in
mutagen radiation or substances that causes the genes to mutate affect codons not in the gene segment does no change nay traits of the organisms eg. drugs
cloning the process of creating identical genetic copies of an organism
Created by: yuyuy
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