Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
P&A8 - Mirror neuron
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What abilities make humans unique in terms of imitation and action recognition? | Humans have an extensive repertoire of body movements and an intuitive ability to recognise and imitate others' actions |
| What is perception-action mapping in humans? | Perception-action mapping is the ability to seamlessly map visual representations of others' actions onto our motor system in order to produce a copy of the same actions |
| What developmental evidence supports the existence of perception-action mapping in humans? | Infants can imitate caregiver's facial expressions and movements indicating they can map visual images into motor representations in early life |
| What did Meltzoff & Moore find about infant imitation? | Infants aged 12-21 days can imitate specific movements (e.g lip protrusions vs tongue protrusions) even after a delay - challenging Piaget's idea |
| What did Oostenbroek et al conclude about neonate imitation? | True neonate imitation doesn't emerge until later (6-9 months) aligning more with Piaget's original view |
| What is Active Intermodal Matching (AIM) theory? | AIM theory suggests infants recognise equivalences between the body movements they see and the movements they feel themselves make. Adults copying babies provides visual input for their motor output |
| How does AIM theory differ from Ideomotor theory and Associative Sequence Learning? | AIM theory suggests there is independent, specialised coding for perception and action while IM and ASL suggest common coding and general motor learning |
| What is ideomotor theory? | IM suggests that when seeing the effect of an action, it automatically activates the movement needed to perform that action |
| What is Associative Sequence Learning? | Associative sequence learning emphasises learning through experience - especially learning through seeing the consequences of your actions |
| What is the dual-route model of imitation proposed by Rumiati and Tessari? | The dual-route model of imitation suggests a semantic route for meaningful actions and a visuomotor route for meaningless actions (involving mirror neurones) |
| What are mirror neurones and what key discovery was made in monkeys? | It was found that mirror neurones activated the same when a monkey executed an action as when they observed the same action performed by another |
| According to V.S. Ramachandran, why are mirror neurones significant? | Mirror neurones are significant because they were proposed to create a unifying framework for psychology |
| What are the general properties of mirror neurones? | Mirror neurones are bimodal meaning they respond to visual and motor stimuli during both execution and observation of actions |
| How do mirror neurones contribute to action understanding according to Umilta et al and Kohler et al? | Mirror neurones respond to partially hidden actions (without full visual information) and respond to sounds typically made by said actions |
| Where are mirror neurones located in the brain? | In monkeys they are found in the F5 brain area. In humans they are found in Broca's area, ventral inferior gyrus and posterior parietal and superior temporal lobes and are organised somatotopically |
| What 3 types of neurones are found in the monkey F5 region? | Action observation-related visuomotor neurones, motor neurones and object observation-related neurones |
| What evidence supports the existence of human mirror neurones? | Indirect evidence comes from behavioural studies, fMRI imaging and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Direct evidence comes from single cell recording |
| What behavioural evidence supports automatic imitation in humans? | Automatic imitation: Humans have faster responses when executed actions are compatible with observed actions |
| What does brain imaging reveal about mirror neurones in humans? | fMRI shows somatotopic activation in premotor and parietal areas corresponding to observed actions of different body parts |
| What does motor imagery research suggest about perception-action overlap? | Brain areas activated during imagined, observed and executed actions overlap |
| What does TMS reveal about observing actions? | Observing actions increases motor excitability as shown by changes in motor evoked potentials |
| What direct evidence for human mirror neurones was found by Mukamel et al? | Mirror neurones found in supplementary motor area and medial temporal lobe in humans with some cells exciting and other inhibiting during action observation and execution |
| What similarities and differences exist across species regarding mirror neurone systems? | Similar brain areas activated during shared actions in dogs, monkeys and humans. Humans can represent meaningless actions while monkeys can only represent goal-directed actions and cant replicate complex or novel actions |
Created by:
niamhcatrin
Popular Psychology sets