Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Intro Rad Pro Week 2
Intro Rap Protection Week 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Law of ____ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolism and maturation of that tissue. | Bergonie and Tribondeau |
| Tissue that are ___ with a ___ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive. | immature, high |
| ___ is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue. | LET |
| As LET ____ the RBE____. | Increases, increases |
| A protracted dose of radiation is given | all at one short exposure |
| The LET of diagnostic x-rays is ___ keV/im. | 3.0 |
| The RBE of diagnostic x-rays is equal to__. | 1 |
| Tissue is ___ radiosensitive under high oxygen conditions and ___ radiosensitive under hypoxic conditions. | More, less |
| Fractionation and protraction are used for radiation therapy beacuse they allow the patient to | (All of the above) Recover between doses, have higher total doses, repair damaged tissues |
| Humans are most radiosensitve during. | Fetal stages |
| The possible beneficial effect of small amount of radiation is called | hormesis |
| A ___ response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received. | Linear |
| If a response to radiation is expected no matter how small the dose, then that dose-response is | nonthreshold |
| Radiation-induced genetic damage follows a ___ dose-response relationship | linear-nonthreshold |
| The human dose-response relationship at low ranges of radiation is calculated using | extrapolation from high ranges |
| The most radiosensitive macromolecule is___ | DNA |
| The disassociation of water molecules following irradiation is termed___ | radiolysis |
| When an atom of water is irradiated, it first dissociates into | an ion pair |
| Two OH* free radicals can join to form____ molecules | Hydrogen peroxide |
| According to target theory, the target molecule of a cell is | the DNA in the nucleus |
| An indirect effect from ionizing radiation occurs on a ____ molecule | water |
| A hit to a cell target can occur from a(n)____ effect. | Both indirect and direct |
| The probability of a hit increased with___ oxygen and ____ LET radiation. | High, High |
| The principal radiation interactions within the human body are assumed to be | indirect effects |
| _____ are very large molecules that sometimes consist of hundreds of thousands of atoms. | Macromolecules |
| Two smaller units of metabolism | Catabolism and Anabolism |
| The chief function of _____ in the body is to provide fuel for cell metabolism | Carbohydrates |
| ___ is the radiation-sensitive target molecule | DNA |
| Only adenine-______ and _____-guaine base bonding is possible in DNA. | thymine, cytosine |
| Radiation-induced chromosome damage is analyzed during ______ | metaphase |
| _____ is the process whereby genetic cells undergo reduction division | Meiosis |
| _____ are more sensitive to radiation than mature cells | Stem cells |
| Dose ___ and ____ cause less effect because time is allowed for intracellular repair and tissue recovery | protraction, fractionation |
| ____ _____ imaging is performed under conditions of full oxygenation. | Diagnostic x-ray |
| _______ occurs when cell dies before replicating | Interphase death |
| The combined processes of ______ and _____ contribute to recovery from radiation damage | intracellular repair, repopulation |
| Radiation-induced cancer, leukemia and genetic effects follow a ________ close-response relationship | linear-nonthreshould |
| At low radiation doses, _____ are considered to be the cellular radiation damage that results in the late radiation effects observed at the whole-body level. | point lesions |
| ____ is the most radiosensitive molecules | DNA |
| The reduction of nutrient molecules for energy | catabolism |
| The production of large molecules for form and function | anabolism |
| _______ occurs when cell dies before replicating | Interphase death |
| The combined processes of ______ and _____ contribute to recovery from radiation damage | intracellular repair, repopulation |
| Radiation-induced cancer, leukemia and genetic effects follow a ________ close-response relationship | linear-nonthreshould |
| At low radiation doses, _____ are considered to be the cellular radiation damage that results in the late radiation effects observed at the whole-body level. | point lesions |
| ____ is the most radiosensitive molecules | DNA |
| The reduction of nutrient molecules for energy | catabolism |
| The production of large molecules for form and function | anatoblism |
| Diagnostic x ray beams always result in a ________ exposure which is less harmful than whole body exposure | partial body |
| The immediate response of radiation sickness is the ____ period | prodromal |
| The ____ period is the time after exposure during which there is no sign of radiation sickness | latent |
| The _____ syndrome is characterized by a reduction in white cell, red cells, and platelets | hematologic |
| Acute radiation lethality follows a -______, _____ does-response relationship | nonlinear, threshold |
| ____ is the shrinkage of an organ or tissue due to cell death | Atrophy |
| The most radiosensitive cell during female germ cell development is the ____ in the mature follicle | oocyte |
| the _____ and the ______ are the most radiosensitive cells in the body | lymphocytes, spermatogonia |
| Dose response relationship, any dose, regardless of its size, is expected to produce a response | nonthreshold |
| A ___ _____ is an unchanged molecule that contains a single unparied electron in the outer shell | free radical |
| If the initial ionizing event occurs on the target molecule, the effect of radiation is? | direct |
| For a cell to die after radiation exposure, its target molecule must be inactivated | Target theory |
| Threshold Dose: Death | Whole body 200rad/2 Gy |
| Threshold Dose: Hematologic depression | Whole body 25rad/250 mGy |
| Threshold Dose: Skin erythema | Small field 200rad/ 2 Gy |
| Threshold Dose: Epilation | Small field 300rad/ 3 Gy |
| Threshold Dose: Chromosome abberration | Whole body 5 rad/50 mGy |
| Threshold dose: Gonadal dysfunction | Local tissue 10 rad/100 mGy |
| Diagnostic x ray beams always result in ___ _____ exposure, which is less harmful than ____ ____ exposure | partial body, whole body |
| Three acute radiation syndromes | hematologic death, GI death, and CNS death |
| Acute radiation lethality: Prodromal | >100rad Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
| Acute radiation lethality: Latent | 100 to 10,000rad None |
| Acute radiation lethality: hematologic | 200 to 1000rad Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, leukopenia, hemoorhage, fever, infection |
| Acute radiation lethality: GI | 1000 to 5000rad Same as hematologic plus, electrolyte imbalance, lethargy, fatigue, shock |
| Acute radiation lethality: CNS | >5000rad Same as GI plus, ataxia, edema, system vasculitis, meningitis |
| Relative risk | observed cases divided by expected cases |
Created by:
Joker71
Popular Radiology sets