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Dna replication is initiated by?
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M-CDK complex is activated by?
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chapter 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dna replication is initiated by? | S-CDK |
| M-CDK complex is activated by? | dephosphorylation by Cdc25 phosphatase |
| CKIs such as p27? | inhibit the cyclin-CDK complex |
| CDK activity is stimulated by phosphorylation of the T-loop by? | CAK |
| EdU incorporation marks cells in? | S phase |
| M cyclin levels fall when? | towards the end of M phase as a result of ubiqutylation and degradation |
| Which of these techniques can be used to separate cells rapidly based on their fluorescence signal corresponding to their DNA content? | Flow cytometry |
| CDK activity fluctuates during the cell cycle partly because? | cyclin levels change during the cycle |
| What is true about CDC25 phosphatase? | Cdc25 increases CDK activity |
| One half of a duplicated chromosome at the end of S phase is called | Sister Chromatid |
| A key control system crucial for triggering cytokinesis is? | Metaphase to anaphase transition |
| If cell cycles were repeated with only the S phase and M phases, what is likely to occur? | Cells produced would get smaller and smaller |
| What fluorescently tagged protein can be used to monitor G2 phase in live cells? | Geminin |
| Which factor inactivates CDKs by adding phosphates onto specific sites? | Wee1 |
| Activation of Greatwall kinase does what? | inhibits PP2A-B55 |
| Mutations in Ensa that prevent it binding to PP2A-B55 will? | keep PP2A-B55 active in early mitosis |
| Which mechanism serves as positive feedback to activate M-Cdks? | inhibition of Wee1 by M-CDK |
| Cdt-1 is activated by? | APC/C induced destruction of Geminin |
| What happens during metaphase? | chromosomes align at the spindle equator |
| Condensins do what? | compact chromosomes after being phosphorylated by M-CDK |
| Cdc-20-APC and Cdc-1-APC complexes are similar because? | They both inhibit M-CDK activity |
| ORC is phosphorylated in which phase? | S-phase |
| DNA helices deposition on DNA at replication origins occurs mainly in which phase of cell cycle? | G1 phase |
| At the beginning of S phase in a cycling cell, what is likely to occur? | Activation of Geminin |
| In the metaphase to anaphase transition, activation of which factor is important? | Cdc-20 APC/C complex |
| Which complex keeps M-cyclin levels low in G1 phase of cell cycle? | Cdc-h1 APC/C complex |
| S-CDK ensures that replication happens only once per cycle by doing what? | phosphorylating the Cdc-6 protein and marking it for destruction |
| Disassembly of nuclear envelope marks which phase of mitosis? | Prometaphase |
| What is not true about APC? | APC is a protease and promotes anaphase by degradation of securing, the protein that holds sister chromatids together |
| What protein plays a direct role in Anaphase B? | Kinesin 5 on interpolar microtubules and dynein on astral microtubules |
| Which of these motor proteins are minus end directed motors that cross link inter polar microtubules and pull the poles together? | Kinesin 14 |
| Duplication of centrosomes occurs in? | S phase |
| Polar ejection force that pulls chromosomes to the spindle equator is mediated by? | Kinesin 4 |
| The polar ejection force does which of the following? | Pushes the chromosome arms away from the spindle poles with the help of kinesin 4 and 10 |
| Is it true that the mitotic spindle helps segregate the chromosomes to the two daughter cells? | Yes! |
| Some cell types in animals do not have centrosomes and therefore they do not have? | astral microtubules |
| The plus ends of these microtubules are attached to large protein structures at the centromeres and they are called? | Kinetochore microtubules |
| Proper bi-orientation of the sister chromatid pair on the spindle generates a tension that is sensed by? | Aurora-B kinase |
| Degradation of securin is important for what? | separation of sister chromatids |
| What is true about centrosomes? | They are duplicated once per cell cycle similar to DnA |
| Contractile ring is made of what? | Actin and myosin filaments |
| Disassembly of the nuclear envelope? | must occur for kinetochore microtubules to form in animal cells |
| Do kinetochores assemble onto chromosomes during late prophase? | yes, true! |
| which event happens before the nuclear envelope is re-assembled in M phase? | assembly of the contractile ring |
| Does taxol promote mitosis by stabilizing the spindle? | no |
| What are mitogens? | extracellular signals that stimulate cell division |
| DNA damage induced checkpoint response in G1 involves? | inhibition of cyclin-CDK complexes by p21 |
| What would not occur as a result of genomic damage? | binding of p53 to mdm2 |
| what contributes to helping cells progress from G1 to S phase? | activation of E2F gene expression, destruction of CKIs that target S-CDKs, and phosphorylation of Rb by G1-CDK, G1/S CDK, and S-CDK |
| which of these is an immediate early gene whose expression is triggered by Ras activation to promote cell cycle entry? | Myc |
| ATM and ATR kinases phosphorylate Ser-15 residue in p53 which? | Stabilizes p53 |
| G1/S CDK also phosphorylates and inactivates APC/C towards the end of G1 phase, which directly helps in accumulation of? | S- cyclin |
| Retinoblastoma is caused by excessive proliferation of some cells in retina that is induced by? | High E2F activity |
| The Chk-1 mediated checkpoint response to DNA damage can arrest cells in G2/M phase by inhibiting which of these factors? | Cdc25 |
| p53 expression is often lost in early stages of cancer development, and in the absence of p53, which of these factors serve to initiate key cell cycle checkpoint response to DNA damage? | Chk-1 |
| A regulator critical for enhancing cell growth through stimulation of protein synthesis rates is? | mTORC1 |
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amigdalovich089