Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PSYC 1100 Exam 3
Memory & Sensation/Perception
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| trace consolidation | what goes on during elaborative rehearsal - a memory trace changes from dynamic to structural pattern (STM>LTM) |
| retrograde amnesia | for events before trauma (forget) |
| anterograde amnesia | for events after trauma (unable to create new) |
| forgetting in STM | displacement and/or decay |
| forgetting in LTM | misplacement and/or retrieval failure |
| proactive interference | old info affects new |
| retrograde interference | new info affects old |
| depth of processing | deeper, more meaningful, processing leads to better memory |
| short term memory | seconds to minutes - 7+-2 chunks - phonological (speech sounds) - dynamic |
| long term memory | relatively permanent - infinite capacity - semantic (meaning) - structural |
| episodic memory | episodes, events w/ time and place |
| generic/semantic memory | facts, concepts, and meanings |
| explicit memory | reference to prior learning experience - recall & recognition |
| implicit memory | no conscious awareness of remembering - priming |
| declarative memory | knowing that (mainly explicit) |
| procedural memory | knowing how (mainly implicit) |
| patient HM | seizures so Dr removed hippocampus - inability to create new explicit memories - still had Procedural and Implicit memory |
| retrieval cue | current stimulus that aids retrieval |
| encoding specificity principle | any memory for an item has the item's context wrapped up in it - context at retrieval should be as much as possible |
| context-dependent memory | recall is better in context where thing had been learned |
| Loftus and Palmer (1974) | shown images of car accident, used either "hit" or "smash", one week later asked if they saw glass, "smash" group more likely to say yes (despite no glass being shown originally) |
| Craik and Tulving (1975) | depth of processing model: visual = words in capital letters? acoustic = words rhyme? semantic = would word fit into sentence? - subjects asked about meaning remembered the words better than those asked about visuals |
| sensation | basic; experience of world |
| perception | knowledge of world |
| doctrine of specific nerve energies | type of sensation depends on which nerve fibers are stimulated - NOT on the stimulus itself - any sensory experience must have corresponding set of nerve fibers |
| wavelength (short, medium, long) | color (blue, green, red) |
| photoreceptors | light sensitive neurons in the retina of the eye that produce action potentials when stimulated by light |
| rods | black/white - very sensitive - 120,000,000 |
| cones | color vision - 3 types - short, medium, and long wavelengths - send action potentials to opponent process cells - 6,000,000 |
| opponent-process theory | activation of cones may excite or inhibit opponent process cells - black/white, red/green, blue/yellow |
| trichromatic theory (Young-Helmholtz) | all colors would be mixtures of blue, green, and red based on response of those cone types |
| light travel | pupil > retina> ganglia, bipolars, etc > receptors > optic nerve |
| retina | consists of rods/cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, etc |
| optic nerve | bundle of axons of ganglion cells, leading out back of eye to brain (leaving a blind spot) |
| fovea | central depression in retina where cones are most densely packed - most acute vision |
| lateral inhibition | neighboring receptor cells tend to inhibit each other |
| brightness contrast | neighboring regions of different brightness have their boundaries sharpened as their brightness/darkness difference is increased |
| distal stimulus | thing in world |
| proximal stimulus | retinal image |
| retinal image | stimulation of receptors produces sensations of brightness and colors |
| vision order | distal stimulus > reflected light > proximal image |
| poverty of the stimulus | proximal stimulus is inadequate for knowing about distal stimulus - inverted, ambiguous, 2D |
| depth perception | retinal image + cues w/ knowledge & inferences from experiences = perception |
| monocular depth cues | linear perspective, interposition, relative size |
| unconscious inference | best guess at what distal stimulus caused the proximal stimulus |
| form perception | how we organize the retinal image into a collection of objects > retinal image + innate laws of organization = perception |
| apparent motion | stimulus in 2 locations quickly appear to move |
| gestalt principle | perception is always in direction of the simplest most economic configuration - the whole is different from the sum of the parts |
| empiricism | emphasis on role of learning from experience in world |
| nativism | emphasis on role of innate knowledge |
| principles of perceptual organization | grouping by proximity, grouping by similarity, good continuation, closure |
| black/white opponent process cells | excited, you see white; inhibited, you see black |
| red/green opponent process cells | excited, you see red; inhibited, you see green |
| blue/yellow opponent process cells | excited, you see blue; inhibited, you see yellow |
| maintenance rehearsal | holds info in STM |
| elaborative rehearsal | moves info to LTM |
| retrieval | search through network of concepts |
| star-tracing experiment (Brenda Milner) | HM got better each day at tracing a star while looking through a mirror (procedural memory) but did not remember having done it before |
Created by:
jamiesz
Popular Psychology sets