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Health Psychology

7: 5-10 8: 1-6

QuestionAnswer
Topic 7
5. cognitive health benefits of physical activity - neurogenesis - blood supply in cortex - attention and concentration (children) - offset memory problems (older adults)
6. psychological health benefits of physical activity - improved mood and well-being after 1 workout - associated with self-esteem, self-efficacy, life satisfaction, stress management - serotonin (mood and well-being) - less likely to be depressed (acts as an antidepressant) - offset anxiety sensitivity
7. a) rates of sedentariness in men and women in the US and negative outcomes associated with sitting - men: 32% women: 42% - sitting >10 hrs a day = CVD risk - sitting > 8 hrs a day + no PA + increased risk of dying, smoking, and obesity - sitting >8 hrs a day + meet PAG = still increased risk unlesss you are in the most active group
7. b) identify the groups at greatest risk of health problems individuals sitting 8+ hours a day without compensating with exercise
8. State characteristics that decrease individuals' likelihood of engaging in exercise - low education - low income - minorities
9. a) barriers to exercise - lack of time - inconvenience - lack of motivation - lack of enjoyment - boring - low confidence
9. b) define forecasting myopia (nearsightedness) disproportionate emphasis on beginning of workout
9. c) summarize results of Ruby et al. (2011) study and the information that it provides that can reduce a barrier - 279 adults - predicted and actual enjoyment (significantly underestimated enjoyment before) - follow up study found that considering all workout phases increased expectations and boosted intention
10. a) describe the confusing relationship between exercise and weight loss - PA uses calories and if they are burned without replacement, you have a negative energy balance and internal energy stores like fat are burned - but people often eat more when they burn those calories (also you can be gaining muscle)
10. b) describe results of the Martin et al. (2019) study - 171 adults who were overweight or obese - IV: randomly assigned moderate, vigorous, or no exercise for 24 weeks - DV: difference between expected and actual weight loss - did not lose as much weight as expected. Weren't moving less, just eating more
Topic 8
1. Describe trends of weight in Americans since 1980. State the current percentage of the population that qualifies as obese. - consistently increases, overweight is steady - 43.4% obese
2. Describe physical consequences of obesity - increased risk of medical disorders - more likely to die, especially from CVD - distribution of weight and metabolic fitness matter
3. measurement used to describe obesity and two major disadvantages of it and why it is still used - BMI 30 or greater - overestimates body fat in muscular build - underestimates body fat in those who lost muscle - doesent account for body composition - works for most people/easy and convenient
4. name the key characteristics of metabolically healthy obesity and weight obesity, describe health implications for individuals with these characteristics metabolically healthy: - overweight and obese people - metabolically fit - no increased risk metabolically obese with normal weight: - high body fat % (diabetes and CVD) - metabolically obese with normal weight (disease present, visceral fat)
5. a) describe visceral fat and its dangers - visceral fat: within abdominal cavity - dangers: insulin reistence, inflammation, increased health problems and death
5. b) Define VAT mass measurement indicating internal abdominal fat around organs
6. a) Contrast BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage as measures of healthy weight - BMI- doesn't account for body composition - Waist circumference- more reliable than BMI, apple at higher risk, greater than 35' and 40' - body fat %- best indicator, expensive, measurement is hard so BMI is preferred
6. b) best easily measured indicator of VAT mass waist to height ratio
Created by: addisonswenson
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