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Psychology Ch. 14
Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychological disorder | syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognitions, emotion regulation, or behavior |
| dysfunctional/maladaptive disorders | can't get to work on time, unable to date or maintain social life |
| subjective distress disorders | defined by the person, exceptions for some personality disorders |
| cultural permissions | certain activities, beliefs, points of view are highly dependent on cultural context |
| medical model | the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital |
| biopsychosocial approach | integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis |
| DSM-5 | American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition - all prior editions used Roman numerals |
| generalized anxiety disorder | an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal |
| panic disorder | an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both |
| specific phobia | an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation |
| agoraphobia | anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear and anxiety in situations where it might be difficult to escape or where help may not be available |
| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience |
| somatic symptom disorder | a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic/bodily form without apparent physical cause |
| major depressive disorder | a disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drug use or a medical condition, 2 or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure |
| bipolar disorder | disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania |
| schizophrenia | disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression |
| positive symptoms | added behaviors to diagnose a disorder |
| negative symptoms | removed behaviors to diagnose a disorder |
| psychosis | individual experiences loss of contact with reality, characterized by symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking |
| catatonia | neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal movements, behaviors, and withdrawal |
| dissociative identity disorder (DID) | rare dissociative disorder in which person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities |
| antisocial personality disorder | personality disorder in which person exhibits lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist |
| borderline personality disorder | mental health condition characterized by emotional instability, a distorted sense of self, and difficulty maintaining healthy relationships - intense mood swings |
| histrionic personality disorder | mental health condition characterized by persistent pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior |
| anorexia nervosa | eating disorder in which person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight and has an inaccurate self-perception |
| binge-eating disorder | significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory behavior that marks bulimia nervosa |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder in which a person's binge eating is followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise |
| autism spectrum disorder (ASD) | disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors |
| attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and or/hyperactivity and impulsivity |
Created by:
cadence.a15
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