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Addiction liability

Uni of Notts, Addiction & The Brain, first year

TermDefinition
Susceptibility of addiction Individual vulnerabilities to drug dependency such as genetic, psychological, or environmental factors. Different drugs have different likelihoods of addiction
Risk & causes of genetic vulnerability 40-60% of vulnerability is hereditary affecting dopaminergic pathways by altering pharmacokinetic & pharmacodynamic effects of drugs. Predisposition but not guarantee
Environmental risk factors part 1 (name 3/7 factors) Local availability, prevalence of use, population density, parental socioeconomic status, criminality, attachment style, failure at school
Tarter et al. (2003) drug addiction risk factors in children Longitudinal study, 10 years, 2 groups of 9-year-olds: high risk & low risk groups, found high neurobehavioral disinhibition scores (high risk group) were more likely to become addicts & have PFC abnormalities
Phineas Gage case study Suffered PFC lesion due to a steel pipe through the brain. Retained working memory & intelligence but poor planning, alcoholism, sex addiction & callous disregard at work
Iowa gambling task Compared those with PFC abnormalities to control. Played card game with 2 bad decks (better upfront winnings) & 2 good decks (better overall winnings) & found experimental group was more likely to play the bad deck overtime
Deakin et al. (2004) PFC maturation study Found PFC matures around 20-25 accompanying significant drops in risk taking behaviour after that age. Older groups still take risks, they're just better planned risks
Environmental risk factors part 2 (name 3/7 factors) Broken home, parental mental health, PFC injury, peer group social norms, nuclear family attitude to drugs, role modelling, crime rate of neighbourhood
Psychological factors: Rewarding hypersensitivity Predispositions to have larger positive reactions to drugs causes positive reinforcement
Psychological factors: Rewarding hyposensitivity Predispositions to have smaller negative reactions to drugs & their comedowns reduces negative reinforcement of drug-taking behaviour
Psychological factors: Punishment insensitivity Continued use despite straining interpersonal relationships & study/job work; even despite medical ramifications. Part of the DSM-5 criteria for addiction
Psychological factors: Faulty error detection (cocaine example) Awareness of risks of drug taking but being unable to use that information to correct their own behaviour. Cocaine addicts showed reduced PFC activity in ERPs & struggled to correct information
Created by: Beech47
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