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Psychopathology Fina
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of Personality? | Patterns of thinking, emotions, and behaviors that tend to be ENDURING |
| What are the three clusters of personality disorders and how are they defined? | 1) Cluster A: Odd/Eccentric 2) Cluster B: Dramatic/Emotional 3) Cluster C: Anxious/Fearful |
| What personality disorders belong to Cluster A? | Paranoid, schizoid, and schizophrenia |
| What personality disorders belong to Cluster B? | Antisocial, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Boderline |
| What personality disorders belong to Cluster C? | Avoidant, Obsessive-compulsive, and Dependent |
| What are specific characteristics of borderline personality disorder? | 1) Intense and unstable relationships, self-image, and emotions 2) Fear of abandonment, engage in impulsive behaviors, and self-harm 3) Mood swings and identity issues |
| What are treatment recommendations for Borderline Personality Disorder? | Dialectal Behavior therapy due to focus on emotional regulation. Medications could be prescribed to treat comorbidities |
| What are the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia? Define them. | 1) Delusions: False beliefs 2) Hallucinations: false perceptions 3) Disorganized thoughts/speech: difficulty organizing/expressing thoughts coherently and logically 4) disorganized/ abnormal motor behaviors |
| What are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia? Define them. (1-3) | 1) Restricted affect: reductions/ absence of emotional expression 2) Avolition: decrease in motivation to start and keep activities/ difficulty maintaining daily activities/responsibilities 3) Asociality: decrease in social relationships |
| What are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia? Define them (4-5) | 4) No joy/pleasure in previously enjoyable activities 5) Alogia: decrease in communication and quality of communication |
| List and define the different hallucinations | 1) Visual: seeing things 2) Auditory: Hearing things 3) Olfactory: smelling things 4) Gustatory: tasting things 5) Somatic: perceiving things inside you 6) tactile: something happening outside body |
| Provide 5 examples of delusions. | 1) Persecutory 2) Grandiosity 3) Delusion of Reference 4) Being controlled 5) Guilt/sin |
| Define catatonic behavior | Range of abnormal movements/postures such as immobility and rigidity. |
| Define Schizoaffective disorder | symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disturbances (depression and bipolar disorder) |
| Dysregulation of which neurotransmitter is primarily implicated in Schizophrenia? | Dopamine - Excess = + symptoms - Reduced = - symptoms |
| What factors put someone at risk for developing Schizophrenia? | 1) Genetic predisposition 2) Pre-natal and early life stressors |
| What are the treatment recommendations for Schizophrenia? | 1) Anti-psychotics (typical and atypical) 2) Therapy (CBT and Family) 3) social support |
| Describe the differences between Typical and Atypical meds. | Typical blocks dopamine receptors which targets + symptoms Atypical blocks serotonin and dopamine, targeting + and - sympt. |
| What are ACT programs and why are they important? | Assertive community treatments, they provide intensive support to individuals like med management, therapy, and daily task support. |
| Define Palilalia | Repetition of words, phrases, or sentences spoken by themselves |
| Define Aphasia | Affects effective communication by impairing ability to write, read, speak, and understand language |
| Define Apraxia | Motor disorder |
| Define Agnosia | inability to recognize objects, people, sounds, shapes, and other sensory stimuli. |
| Give a description of Major Neurocognitive Disorder | Significant cognitive decline from previous level of functioning that is not due to nml aging. |
| What are the three types of ADHD? | 1) Inattentive 2) Hyperactive-impulsive 3) Combination |
| What are the three main biological factors of ADHD? | 1) Genetic predisposition 2) Dopamine/Norepinephrine dysregulation 3) dysfunction in PFC |
| What are recommended treatments for ADHD? | 1) Medications: stimulants and non-stimulants 2) Therapy: CBT and behavioral parent training 3) Academic support |
| Briefly describe the diagnostic criteria of Autism Spectrum Disorder | Deficits in social communication and interaction, restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests, sensory sensitivities, must be present from early childhood |
| Briefly describe Anorexia Nervosa | Fear of gaining weight and distorted body images that lead to restricted food intake and significant weight loss. |
| Briefly describe Bulimia Nervosa | Recurrent episodes of binge eating/loss of control that are followed by compensatory behaviors |
| What populations are at risk for developing an eating disorder? | Females, adolescents and young adults, athletes, LGBTQ+, and victims of bullying |
| Define substance abuse | Maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress |
| Identify the types of substances per the DSM | Alcohol, caffeine, marijuana, tobacco, hypnotics, stimulants, opioids, hallucinogens, inhalants, sedatives |
| List the 6 stages of addiction in order | 1) use 2) abuse 3) tolerance 4) dependence 5) addiction 6) relapse |
| What is the diagnostic timing of schizophrenia? | 2+ symptoms must be present and active during a one-month span. The symptoms must cause a disturbance for 6 months |
| What is the diagnostic timing of Substance Use? | 2+ of the diagnostic criteria in a 12-month period. |
| Dysfunction in what part of the brain is thought to present with Eating Disorders? | Hypothalamus |
| Briefly describe Binge Eating Disorder | Recurrent episodes of overconsumption of food with feelings of loss of control without compensatory behaviors. Often associated with feelings of guilt and shame |
| What are the four D's? | Dysfunction, distress, deviance, dangerousness |
Created by:
kellbell432
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