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Nightingale
Intro to Nutrition Finals Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following are diet related diseases? type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease all of these are correct osteoporosis some cancers | all of these are correct |
| Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not provide any energy for the human body? carbohydrate fat protein Vitamin C | Vitamin C |
| Having a control group enables researchers to? | compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group |
| A serving of food supplies 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, 10 g fat and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? water provides the most food energy. fat provides about 25% of total calories. carbohydrate p | carbohydrate provides the most food energy |
| A serving of food supplies 15 g carbohydrate, 15 g protein and 4 g fat. Which of the following statements is true about this food? protein contributes most of the food energy fat provides most of the food energy carbohydrate supplies 60 kcal/serving. | carbohydrate supplies 60 kcal/serving. |
| Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy? vitamin D protein iron cholesterol | protein |
| Suzie wants to estimate the grams of carbohydrate in a sugar-sweetened soft drink that supplies 140 kcal per serving. The soft drink contains no fiber, protein, fat, or alcohol. To obtain this value, she should ? | divide the number of kcal per serving by 4 |
| An essential nutrient: is only in foods from animal sources none of these are correct must be obtained from food performs a vital function in the body | must be obtained from food |
| ___________ chemical reactions in the cells of the body that change food into energy. metabolism catabolism anatomy physiology | metabolism |
| Which nutrient is the medium for all bodily processes? water fat protein minerals | water |
| Foods in a given food group in MyPlate are equivalent in their content of: fiber content vitamins and minerals protein and energy content carbohydrate and fat content | vitamins and minerals |
| Which of the following foods is the most energy dense per serving? 4-ounce chocolate doughnut 3 ounces baked chicken 8 ounces fat-free milk ½ cup fresh strawberries | 4-ounce chocolate doughnut |
| The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin. ERA UL RDA % DV | RDA |
| The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for nutrients are generally: the minimum amounts that average people need designed to prevent deficiency disease in half the population the same for all ages for all nutrients more than twice as high as a | designed to be adequate for almost all healthy people |
| Nutrient density refers to foods that: carry the USDA nutrition seal contain a mixture of carbohydrate, protein, and fat are rich in protein are rich in nutrients but relatively low in calories | are rich in nutrients but relatively low in calories |
| A healthful diet can be described by which of the following? eat good foods, stay away from bad foods variety, moderation, and physical activity "think outside the bun" balance, moderation, and variety | balance, moderation, and variety |
| Matt wants to substitute a food that contains healthy fat for cream cheese in a recipe. Which of the following fats should he use? corn oil lard shortening unsalted butter | corn oil |
| Two-year-old Amanda does not like to drink milk, but she loves pudding made with fat-free milk. According to her MyPlate, Amanda should consume 2 cups of milk or milk products daily. To meet this recommendation, Amanda should consume ____ of pudding. | 2 cups |
| In the United States, the _____ investigates complaints about false or misleading health claims that appear in food advertisements. | Federal Trade Commission |
| Villi and microvilli are fingerlike and hairlike projections that line the small intestines. Their purpose is to: speeds up the chemical reactions of enzymes increase peristalsis neutralize hydrochloric acid from the stomach increase sur | increase surface area of the small intestine |
| Sandy took antibiotics for 2 weeks for a throat infection. To avoid developing diarrhea as a result of the treatment, she should consider eating fatty, cold-water fish, such as salmon. yogurt with certain live bacterial cultures lactose-free mi | yogurt with certain live bacterial cultures |
| The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme. jejunum duodenum iluem colon | colon |
| Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea? epiglottis tongue hard palete pharynx | epiglottis |
| A primary function of the digestive system is breakdown of food molecules into nutrients. transmission of nervous impulses. production of hormones and enzymes. destruction of toxic metabolic by-products. | breakdown of food molecules into nutrients. |
| Which of the following protects the stomach from the damaging effects of the hydrochloric acid? mucus bicarbonate peristalsis chyme | mucus |
| Chyme is semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach. material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete. organelle that maintains fluid balance within cells. large particle that transports li | semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach. |
| Bile functions as: a digestive enzyme lymph an emulsifier an enzyme | an emulsifier |
| Salivary glands secrete amylase and lipase, enzymes that enable a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth. vitamins and minerals water and alcohol starch and fat protein and fiber | starch and fat |
| Food is pushed through the esophagus by: bolus sphincters peristalsis pylorus | peristalsis |
| Which one of these ingredients should you watch for on a food label when you want to avoid added sugar? stevia wheat flour coco butter honey | honey |
| What happens to carbohydrates that are not digested (fiber) in the intestine? they are absorbed and converted to glycogen. they are absorbed and converted to fat. they pass into the large intestine and are eliminated. they pass into the lar | they pass into the large intestine and are eliminated. |
| If your diet supplies more carbohydrate than you need, the excess will be | converted to fat and stored. |
| Sucrose is an example of a: polysaccharide disaccharide amylose starch | disaccharide |
| A hormone that lowers high levels of glucose in the blood is: leptin insulin glycogen glucagon | insulin |
| Kyle sweetens his hot cereal with a teaspoon of brown sugar. The chemical name for this type of sugar is lactose maltose galactose sucrose | sucrose |
| If a person uses up the body's reserve supply of glycogen and still does not eat, glucose (sugar) comes from the: muscle bloodstream pancreas liver | liver |
| Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids? tuna fish whole-wheat bread ground beef fried chicken | tuna fish |
| Which of the following groups of foods do not contain cholesterol? all of these foods contain cholesterol cheese, meat, and eggs canola oil, peanut oil, and lard avocados, bananas, and beans | avocados, bananas, and beans |
| Which of the following is a function of fat? all of these are functions of fat. carries water-soluble vitamins. provides essential amino acids for growth and repair. most concentrated source of energy for the body. | most concentrated source of energy for the body. |
| Atherosclerosis can occur: all of these are correct in the arteries of the brain, leading to stroke in the arteries of the neck, decreasing blood flow to the brain in the coronary arteries, causing poor to parts of the heart in the arte | all of these are correct |
| Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids? walnuts canola oil corn oil baked chicken | canola oil |
| Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues? LDL HDL all of these are correct insoluble fiber | HDL |
| Which fats are liquid at room temperature? unsaturated fats saturated and unsaturated fats saturated fats no fats are liquid at room temperature | unsaturated fats |
| Which of the followings statements is true? trans fatty acids are naturally in many foods. the human body can convert simple carbohydrates into alpha-linolenic acid. saturated fatty acid has one double bond within its hydrocarbon chain. cer | certain fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids. |
| In the United States, _____ is the leading cause of death. heart disease cancer COVID-19 diabetes mellitus | heart disease |
| Which of the following foods contain complete protein? oranges, milk, eggs, beef, chicken, broccoli beef, milk, eggs eggs, beans, pork, | beef, milk, eggs |
| _________ is the physical changes that take place in a protein when it is exposed to abnormal conditions in the environment. denaturation hydrogenation protonation filtration | denaturation |
| Plant-based diets may not supply enough ____ to meet a child's needs. Vitamin C protein fiber sodium | protein |
| Compared to a polysaccharide molecule, a protein molecule provides about the same amount of energy per gram. all of these are correct. has nitrogen in its chemical structure. is comprised of amino acids | all of these are correct. |
| Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein? tuna fish red grapes corn oil margarine leaf lettuce | tuna fish |
| The primary role of protein is: to provide the building material for body tissue to provide calories to store energy to insulate and protect body tissue | to provide the building material for body tissue |
| A protein is said to be "complete" when: all essential amino acids are present and in proper proportion. it supplies 100 percent of the RDA. it is found in unprocessed foods. it satifies your appetite. | all essential amino acids are present and in proper proportion. |
| Which of the following diseases/conditions may be a possible risk of consuming a vegetarian diet? edema all of these are a risk high blood pressure type 2 diabetes iron deficiency anemia | iron deficiency anemia |
| Which nutrient(s) is/are most likely missing from a vegan diet? iron vitamin B12, vitamin D, and iron vitamin D vitamin B12 | vitamin B12, vitamin D, and iron |
| _________________ is the physical changes that take place in a protein when it is exposed to abnormal conditions in the environment. hydrogenation deamination transamination denaturation | denaturation |
| Which of the following is a system of enzymes in the liver that becomes more active as alcohol levels in the liver increase? MEOS amylases alcohol dehydrogenases acetaldehydes | MEOS |
| While at a party, Jenna drank 24 ounces of beer and 10 ounces of wine. Based on this information, her alcohol consumption was equivalent to ____ standard alcoholic drinks. 4 2 6 8 | 4 |
| Which of the following is NOT considered a standard drink? 7 ounces of white wine 12 ounces can of beer 1.5 ounces of hard liquor 5 ounces of red wine | 7 ounces of white wine |
| The best cure for a hangover is comfort foods time and abstinence acetaminophen a light drink | time and abstinence |
| Which of the following individuals should not drink alcohol? your father while operating heavy equipment your pregnant sister your high school age friend None of these individuals should drink alcohol | None of these individuals should drink alcohol |
| Chronic alcohol abuse lowers blood pressure. decreases risk of pancreatic cancer increases fat deposits in the abdominal region. causes the heart to shrink. | increases fat deposits in the abdominal region. |
| Which of the following can influence the absorption and metabolism of alcohol: ethnicity gender All of these influence the absorption and metabolism of alcohol type of alcohol and amount consumed the presence of food in the stomach | All of these influence the absorption and metabolism of alcohol |
| Which of the following statements is true? alcohol is stored in body fat. in the United States, in most states, a BAC of 0.08 is the legal limit for intoxication for adult drivers. the pancreas is the primary site for alcohol metabolism. | in the United States, in most states, a BAC of 0.08 is the legal |
| Alcohol is a food that provides 5 calories/gram. disgested into fatty acids in the stomach none of these are correct a depressant drug. | a depressant drug. |
| The human body needs vitamin K to synthesize DNA. form active blood clotting factors. release the energy stored in glucose. absorb phosphorus from foods. | form active blood clotting factors. |
| Enriched grain products have specific amounts of ___________ added during processing. vitamin A vitamin B12 vitamin C thiamin | thiamin |
| Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of iron B12 vitamin D folate | folate |
| The human body can absorb some of the _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria. vitamin K riboflavin thiamin beta carotene | vitamin K |
| Diets that lack niacin can lead to rickets berberi pellagra pernicious anemia | pellagra |
| An ________ is any molecule that can block free radicals from stealing electrons. enzyme oncogene antioxidant allergen | antioxidant |
| Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? | in general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. |
| Vitamin _____ is the major fat-soluble antioxidant in cells. K C E D | E |
| Patients with pernicious anemia are treated with: eating more fruits and vegetables high doses of vitamin B12 high doses of folic acid iron supplementation | high doses of vitamin B12 |
| Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? egg whites hamburger patty whole milk green pepper | green pepper |
| If the extracellular fluid has an excess of sodium ions, phosphate and calcium ions are eliminated in feces. intercellular fluid moves to the outside of cells. blood levels of arsenic and oxalate increase. sodium ions move into cells. | intercellular fluid moves to the outside of cells. |
| The four basic functions of water in the human body include: transportation vehicle, temperature regulator, lubricant/shock absorber, and | chemical reactions |
| The body constantly loses water through the skin as a result of _____ perspiration. hydrostatic perceptible homeostatic insensible | insensible |
| About _____ % of an average healthy young man's body weight is water. 80 60 20 40 | 60 |
| Which of the following statements is true? the average adult absorbs 90 to 95% of the calcium that's in milk and milk products. high protein intakes can increase the amount of calcium excreted in urine. all of these are correct vitamin C sig | all of these are correct |
| What happens when a person's calcium intake is low? Osteoporosis will develop within the week. calcium is released from bones into the bloodstream to be used by the rest of the body. calcium is absorbed by bones. the body stops growing. | calcium is released from bones into the bloodstream to be used by the rest of the body. |
| From which sources might people unintentionally consume excessive sodium? processed and fast foods chicken and fish fresh fruit and vegetables meats | processed and fast foods |
| _____ must be added to grains during the enrichment process. calcium iron magnesium zinc | iron |
| Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction? calcium selenium cesium aluminum | calcium |
| _____ is the primary source of direct energy ("energy currency") for cells. fat glucose ATP glycogen | ATP |
| Sport drinks are formulated to: provide fiber replace fluids and electrolytes lost through sweat. provide vitamins and minerals. provide caffeine for alertness. | replace fluids and electrolytes lost through sweat. |
| Which of the following activities is generally classified as vigorous? aerobic dancing stretching bowling playing golf | aerobic dancing |
| Which of the following minerals is a component of the body's oxygen transporting system? phosphorus iron zinc magnesium | iron |
| which is not a component of fitness? cardiovascular endurance muscle strength muscle endurance flexibility lung volume | lung volume |
| Which of the following fuel sources provide energy for exercising muscles? protein and fatty acids protein and glucose vitamin supplements glucose and fatty acids | glucose and fatty acids |
| Glucose is the primary fuel for intense activity. It comes primarily from: fat stores oxygen protein stores glycogen stores | glycogen stores |
| By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of pernicious anemia cystic fibrosis beri beri cardiovascular disease | cardiovascular disease |
| Fitness enables the heart muscle, blood vessels, and lungs to work at maximum efficiency. What is this called? cardiovascular endurance muscular endurance cardiovascular flexibility cardiovascular strength | cardiovascular endurance |
| Kari is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula feed her new baby. To encourage Kari to breastfeed, you provide some factual information by telling her that | breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy. |
| Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system? DHA alanine EDTA trans fat | DHA |
| Emma is a 25-year-old pregnant woman. Her need for _____ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant. vitamin C calcium niacin iron | iron |
| Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they all of these are correct lose the let-down reflex have most of their primary teeth can sit up with some back support. | can sit up with some back support. |
| Which of the following foods is a usually recommended as the first solid food for infants? egg whites grean beans rice cereal fresh apricots | rice cereal |
| Eclampsia in a pregnant woman can be a result of drinking alcohol during pregnancy be easily treated with vitamin supplements indicate that morning sickness is over lead to death of the expectant mother | lead to death of the expectant mother |
| Alexis weighs 6.5 pounds at birth. Assuming her development proceeds normally, she should weigh about _____ pounds by her first birthday. 19.5 26.0 13.0 32.5 | 19.5 |
| Human milk is a rich source of linoleic acid iron vitamin D fluoride | linoleic acid |
| Bethany is due to give birth to a boy in March. Before she became pregnant, Bethany weighed 140 pounds, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy | 25 to 35 |
| Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women? Iron-deficiency anemia Morning sickness Eclampsia Gestational diabetes | Morning sickness |
| A toddler is defined as being 6 to 9 months old 2 to 5 years old 1 to 3 years old 9 to 12 months old | 1 to 3 years old |
| Increased _____ is a physiological change associated with normal aging. cardiac output activity of bone-forming cells blood filtration heartburn | heartburn |
| Dysphagia can be caused by stroke high intake of sodium dehydration sedentary lifestyle | stroke |
| The National School Lunch Program is designed to meet nutrition standards based on the latest the American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines MyPlate Take Charge of Your Health: A Guide for Teenagers Dietary Guidelines for Americans | Dietary Guidelines for Americans |
| In the United States, most boys begin puberty when they are between | 9 to 13 years of age. |
| The requirement of vitamin D increases with age because the kidneys lose their ability to convert it to the active form the skin's ability to make it from sunlight decreases all of these are correct the intestines lose their ability to abso | all of these are correct |
| Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging. bruising heartburn vulnerability to cancer secretion of intrinsic factor | secretion of intrinsic factor |
| According to the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, | a manufacturer is responsible for demonstrating the safety of an additive before it can be approved |
| The __________ is the primary government agency that oversees the safety of most foods in the United States. | Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| In the United States, common sources of food-borne illness include all of the following except: norovirus fungi salmonella staphylococcus aureus | fungi |
| To reduce the risk of food-borne illness, raw poultry should be cooked to an internal temperature of at least 185 degrees F 140 degrees F 165 degrees F 125 degrees F | 165 degrees F |
| Food-borne illnesses are usually characterized by coughing, sneezing, and respiratory inflammation. flulike signs and symptoms. abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting. megaloblastic anemia and nervous system defects. | abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting. |
| Which of the following food preservation processes effectively destroys microbes? freezing sterilization smoking all are correct | sterilization |
| The toxin produced by _____ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing and even death. Giardia Trichinella Salmonella Clostridium botulinum | Clostridium botulinum |
| A situation in which there is a report of reduced quality, variety, or desirability in the diet with little or no indication of a reduction in food intake is an example of | low food security |
| A paradoxical effect of the combination of low income and undernourishment is physical disability blindness obesity Alzheimer's disease | obesity |
| Food fortification can help alleviate dietary deficiencies of fiber macronutrients water micronutrients | micronutrients |
| The largest agricultural crop produced in the United States is wheat corn sugarcane soybeans | corn |
| Death resulting from nausea, severe vomiting, and diarrhea is primarily due to measles dehydration malaria pneumonia | dehydration |
| Cows are injected with hormones in order to increased milk production increase meat production increase weight gain all of these are correct | all of these are correct |
| In developed countries such as the United States, the typical cause of food insecurity is racial conflict overpopulation a natural disaster poverty | poverty |
| The agency that evaluates all food pesticides via a four-part risk assessment is the CVM FDA USDA EPA | EPA |
| Food security has been identified as a problem in all of these are correct developed nations developing nations underdeveloped nations | all of these are correct |
| Which of the following groups of people is NOT at increased risk for undernutrition? young adults older adults infants children | young adults |
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