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unit 5 psch
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stress | |
| The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging. | |
| Hypertension | |
| High blood pressure, often associated with stress, which can increase the risk of heart and kidney diseases and stroke. | |
| Immune Suppression | |
| Reduction in the effectiveness of the immune system, which can be caused by various forms of stress. | |
| Stressors | |
| Events or conditions in your surroundings that may trigger stress. | |
| Daily Hassles | |
| Everyday minor events that cause stress, such as traffic jams or overwhelming chores. | |
| Significant Life Changes | |
| Major life transitions like moving, leaving a job, or divorcing, which can be stressful. | |
| Catastrophes | |
| Unpredictable, large-scale events that cause significant stress and alter the lives of many people. | |
| Eustress (motivating) | |
| Positive stress which results from striving toward a challenging goal. | |
| Distress (debilitating) | |
| Negative stress that can make a person sick or keep a person from reaching a goal. | |
| Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) | |
| Potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood and can have negative, lasting effects on health and well-being. | |
| General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | |
| The three-stage process (alarm, resistance, exhaustion) that describes the physiological changes the body goes through when under stress. | |
| Alarm Reaction Phase | |
| The initial reaction to a stressor, activating the body's defense systems. | |
| Resistance Phase | |
| The body's response after the initial shock of a stressful event, where the body attempts to return to normal functioning. | |
| Flight-Fight-Freeze Response | |
| A physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival. | |
| Exhaustion Phase | |
| The third stage of the GAS, during which the body depletes its resources in responding to a prolonged stressor. | |
| Tend-and-Befriend Theory | |
| A theory that suggests people seek social support and tend to others in times of stress. | |
| Problem-focused Coping | |
| Strategies aimed at tackling the cause of stress in practical ways which directly tackle the problem causing the stress. | |
| Emotion-focused Coping | |
| Strategies aimed at relieving or managing the emotional distress associated with stress. | |
| Positive Psychology | |
| The scientific study of human strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. | |
| Subjective Well-being | |
| An individual's own assessment of their happiness and satisfaction with life. | |
| Resilience | |
| The ability to mentally or emotionally cope with a crisis or to return to pre-crisis status quickly. | |
| Posttraumatic Growth | |
| Positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity and other challenges in order to rise to a higher level of functioning. | |
| Positive Emotions | |
| Feelings that engage us, elevate us, and promote growth and well-being. | |
| Mastered (1) | |
| You've been getting these terms right! | |
| Select this one | |
| Health Psychology | |
| A branch of psychology that focuses on how physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships affect overall health and illness. | |
| Not studied (87) | |
| You haven't studied these terms yet! | |
| Select these 87 | |
| Gratitude | |
| A feeling of thankfulness and appreciation, especially in response to someone doing something kind or helpful. | |
| Signature Strengths & Virtues | |
| Character strengths and virtues that are personally fulfilling, intrinsic to one's identity, and contribute to the collective well-being. | |
| Categories of Virtues | |
| Broad categories that encompass character strengths, such as wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence. | |
| Abnormal Psychology | |
| The study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, etiology (i.e., their causes), and treatment. | |
| Clinical Psychology | |
| A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders. | |
| Psychology Student Syndrome | |
| A phenomenon where psychology students begin to believe they have the disorders they are studying. | |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) | |
| The updated manual that describes and categorizes mental disorders in order to improve diagnoses, treatment, and research. | |
| International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD) | |
| A standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management, and clinical purposes. It is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO) and covers a broad range of health conditions, including psychological conditions. | |
| Deviation | |
| In psychology, typically refers to departing from the norm, which can either be statistical, social, or functional in nature. | |
| Distress | |
| Negative stress that can lead to anxiety, depression, and potentially to physical problems. | |
| Dysfunction | |
| Abnormal functioning, as opposed to normal functioning, often used to refer to individual behaviors or the functioning of social systems. | |
| Eclectic Approach | |
| An approach to clinical practice that involves selecting the best treatment techniques from various disciplines based on the client's unique problems, strengths, and preferences. | |
| Behavioral Perspective | |
| Focuses on how we learn observable responses and how the environment impacts those responses. | |
| Psychodynamic Perspective | |
| Emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior and the importance of childhood experiences. | |
| Humanistic Perspective | |
| Focuses on the importance of being your true self in order to lead the most fulfilling life. | |
| Cognitive Perspective | |
| Focuses on how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information. | |
| Evolutionary Perspective | |
| How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one's genes. | |
| Sociocultural Perspective | |
| Examines how the social environments and cultural upbringing influence an individual's behavior and thoughts. | |
| Biological Perspective | |
| Explores the links between brain and mind, and how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences. | |
| Biopsychosocial Model | |
| An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis to better understand health and illness. | |
| Diathesis-Stress Model | |
| Suggests that a person may be predisposed for a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress. | |
| Stigma | |
| Disapproval or discrimination against a person based on perceivable social characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of society. | |
| Anxiety Disorders | |
| Mental health disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear. | |
| Specific Phobia | |
| An anxiety disorder characterized by irrational and persistent fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. | |
| Acrophobia | |
| Fear of heights. | |
| Arachnophobia | |
| Fear of spiders. | |
| Agoraphobia | |
| Fear of open or crowded spaces. | |
| Panic Disorder | |
| An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror. | |
| Ataque de nervios | |
| A cultural syndrome primarily seen in Latin Americans, involving symptoms of intense emotional upset, acute anxiety, fear, or anger. | |
| Social Anxiety Disorder | |
| A chronic mental health condition in which social interactions cause irrational anxiety. | |
| Taijin Kyofusho | |
| A Japanese culture-specific syndrome characterized by an intense fear that one's body, body parts, or bodily functions give others a negative impression. | |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | |
| An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. | |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders | |
| Disorders involving intrusive obsessions and compulsions which impede daily life. | |
| Obsessions | |
| Persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate and cause marked distress. | |
| Compulsions | |
| Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession. | |
| Hoarding Disorder | |
| A disorder characterized by the persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. | |
| Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders | |
| Disorders related to the exposure to a traumatic or stressful event. | |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | |
| A disorder characterized by failure to recover after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event. | |
| Depressive Disorders | |
| Disorders that involve the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by physical and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual's capacity to function. | |
| Major Depressive Disorder | |
| A mood disorder causing a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. | |
| Persistent Depressive Disorder | |
| A form of depression that is less severe than major depressive disorder but more chronic. | |
| Bipolar Disorder | |
| A disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs. | |
| Bipolar Cycling | |
| The process of cycling through episodes of mania and depression in bipolar disorder. | |
| Bipolar I Disorder | |
| A type of bipolar spectrum disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode. | |
| Bipolar II Disorder | |
| A type of bipolar disorder marked by milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with periods of severe depression. | |
| Neurodevelopmental Disorders | |
| A group of conditions with onset in the developmental period, often before school age, that are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. | |
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | |
| A chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. | |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | |
| A disorder that affects communication and behavior. | |
| Feeding and Eating Disorders | |
| Disorders characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits, which negatively affect a person's health. | |
| Anorexia Nervosa | |
| An eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of body weight. | |
| Bulimia Nervosa | |
| An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging. | |
| Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders | |
| A range of disorders that involve psychosis, including schizophrenia. | |
| Delusions | |
| False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. | |
| Delusions of Persecution | |
| The belief that others are out to get one. | |
| Delusions of Grandeur | |
| A false belief that one is more important or influential than they really are. | |
| Hallucinations | |
| False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. | |
| Disorganized Thinking | |
| A symptom of psychosis, manifested as illogical or incoherent thought and speech. | |
| Disorganized Speech | |
| A style of talking involving incoherence and a lack of typical logical patterns. | |
| Word Salad | |
| A confused or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases. | |
| Disorganized Motor Behavior | |
| Includes a variety of unusual behaviors including problems with goal-directed behavior leading to difficulties performing activities of daily living. | |
| Catatonia | |
| A state of unresponsiveness to one's outside environment, usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability to communicate. | |
| Flat Affect | |
| A lack of emotional responsiveness. | |
| Dopamine Hypothesis | |
| The theory that schizophrenia results from an excess of dopamine activity. | |
| Positive Symptoms | |
| Symptoms of schizophrenia that are excesses of behavior or occur in addition to normal behavior; hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech. | |
| Negative Symptoms | |
| Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement. | |
| Dissociative Disorders | |
| Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. | |
| Dissociative Amnesia | |
| A disorder characterized by the sudden and extensive inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature. | |
| Dissociative Fugue | |
| A rare dissociative disorder in which a person loses awareness of their identity or other important autobiographical information and also engages in some form of unexpected travel. | |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | |
| A disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states. | |
| Personality Disorders | |
| Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. | |
| Cluster A Personality Disorders | |
| Odd, eccentric thinking or behavior (including paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders). | |
| Paranoid Personality Disorder | |
| Type of personality disorder characterized by extreme distrust and suspicion of others. | |
| Schizoid Personality Disorder | |
| A personality disorder characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion. | |
| Schizotypal Personality Disorder | |
| A personality disorder characterized by severe social anxiety, thought disorder, paranoid ideation, derealization, transient psychosis, and often unconventional beliefs. | |
| Cluster B Personality Disorders | |
| Dramatic, overly emotional or unpredictable thinking or behavior (including antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders). | |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | |
| A personality disorder characterized by a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family. | |
| Histrionic Personality Disorder | |
| A personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and attention seeking. | |
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder | |
| A disorder in which a person has an inflated sense of self-importance. | |
| Borderline Personality Disorder | |
| A personality disorder characterized by severe instability in emotions and self-image, along with impulsive and reckless behavior. | |
| Cluster C Personality Disorders | |
| Anxious, fearful thinking or behavior, including avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. | |
| Avoidant Personality Disorder | |
| A personality disorder characterized by social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. | |
| Dependent Personality Disorder | |
| A personality disorder characterized by psychological dependence on other people. | |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder | |
| A personality disorder characterized by preoccupation with orderliness, perfection, and control. | |
| Deinstitutionalization | |
| The release of institutionalized individuals from institutional care to community-based care. | |
| Evidence-Based Interventions | |
| Treatments based on scientific evidence. | |
| Cultural Humility | |
| An approach to engagement across cultures emphasizing openness and self-awareness of one's own cultural identities. | |
| Therapeutic Alliance | |
| The relationship between a healthcare professional and a client. | |
| This content has been enhanced using AI and may also have been modified by its original creator. As a result, it may be incorrect or problematic. Please report any issues that require our review. | |
| You can also click the terms or definitions to blur or reveal them | |
Created by:
lilrock
Popular Psychology sets