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RADT. 465 RAD SAFETY

QuestionAnswer
milli (m) m -> whole divide by 1000 move decimal 3 places to the LEFT Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
centi (c) c -> whole divide by 100 move decimal 2 places to the LEFT Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
kilo (k) k -> whole multiply by 1000 move decimal 3 places to the RIGHT Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
mega (M) M -> whole multiply by 1,000,000 move decimal 6 places to the RIGHT Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Unit for Exposure in air Gy(a) - Gray in air R - Roentgen Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Unit for Absorbed Dose (patient) Gy(t) - Gray in tissue Rad Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Unit for Equivalent Dose (occupational) Sv - Sievert Rem Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Unit for Radioactivity Bq - Bequerel Ci - Curie Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP Report #116 Dose limit to exposure of ionizing radiation Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP #116 - Occupational - Annual Dose Annual = 50 mSv (5 rem) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP #116 - Occupational - Lens of the Eye Lens of the Eye = 150 mSv (15 rem) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP #116 - Occupational - Skin, Hands, Feet Skin, Hands, Feet = 500 mSv (50 rem) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP #116 - Occupational - Cumulative Cumulative = 10 x age (1xage) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP #116 - Public - Annual Annual = 5 mSv (0.5 rem) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP #116 - Public - Lens of eye, skin, hands, feet Lens of the eye, skin, hands, feet = 50 mSv Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP #116 - Embryo - per month Per month = 0.5 mSv Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP #116 - Embryo - entire gestation Entire gestation = 5 mSv Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP Report #102 Minimum lead equivalent for protective devices in mmPb/eq (EQUIPMENT) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP Report #102 - Lead aprons Lead aprons = 0.5 mm Pb/eq Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP Report #102 - Gloves Gloves = 0.25 mm Pb/eq Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP Report #102 - Thyroid shields Thyroid shields = 0.5 mm Pb/eq Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP Report #102 - Glasses Glasses = 0.35 mm Pb/eq Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP Report #102 - Bucky slot covers Bucky slot covers = 0.25 mm Pb/eq Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP Report #102 - Fluoroscopy drapes/curtains Fluoro drape/curtain = 0.25 mm Pb/eq Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP Report #102 - Clear lead-plastic overhead barrier Clear overhead barrier = 0.5 mm Pb/eq Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Minimum Thickness of Filtration Requirement per tube kVp below 50 = 0.5 mm Al (dentis) kVp 50-70 = 1.5 mm Al (podiatrist) kVp above 70 = 2.5 mm Al (gen XR) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Thermo-Luminescent Dosimeter (TLD) LITHIUM FLUORIDE crystals; 1 time reading thru head to give off light proportional to exposure received Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL/OSLD) ALUMINUM OXIDE; ~1 time reading; laser stimulates AlOx -> light; filters measure deep v. skin dose Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Film Badge Piece of film; susceptible to solar, heat/cold, etc. Permanent reading. Process = more density, more dose Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Pocket Ionization Chamber Gas chamber ionizes w/ rad; inc exposure moves needle; DAILY readouts for IR/cath lab; false read if drop Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Quality factor for ALPHA particles 20 (HIGH E, HIGH DAMAGE, LOW PENETRABILITY) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Quality factor for Protons & Fast Neutrons 10 (High E, High damage, more penetrating than Alpha) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Quality factor for Beta particles, Gamma rays, X-rays 1 (LOW ENERGY, LOW DAMAGE, HIGH PENETRABILITY) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
T/F: Dosimeters are NOT personal protection devices TRUE Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Fluoro MAX Exposure Rate at tabletop 21 mGy ESE (pt lays) or 10 R/min or 88 mGy/min (AERC) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Primary Barrier thickness equivalent 1/16th in Pb eq (walls in direct line of primary xray beam) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Secondary Barrier thickness equivalent 1/32nd in Pb eq (control area) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Minimum SSD (source to skin distance) of a FIXED fluoro unit 15 inches Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Minimum SSD of a STATIONARY fluoro unit 12 inches Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Leakage radiation limit 100 mR/hr at 1 m OR 0.88 mGy/hr at 1 meter Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
What radiation protection model is used in x-ray? LINEAR NON-THRESHOLD "any amount of xrays is capable of making a response" Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Somatic Effects Effects on the body including local (erythema) and general (long bone = hematopoietic); short/long Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Genetic Effects Long term effects that affect the offspring of the organism irradiated; stochastic (probabilistic) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Short-term Effects Effects that appear sec, min, hrs, days or weeks following rad exp; epilation, n&v, erythema, fatigue Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Long-term Effects Effects appear months/years after rad exp; cancer, cataracts, life-span shortening; stochastic(prob) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Non-Stochastic/Deterministic Effects Tissue rxns; threshold dose directly prop to rad dose; short OR long term effects! Cats, erythema, hema Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Stochastic/Probabilistic Effects Non-threshold; probability of effects INC w/ inc dose; cancers & genetic effects (long term) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Linear Energy Transfer (LET) How much energy is deposited per unit length of track Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER) Rad effects INC with oxygenation; = dose to produce effect w/ no O2/ dose for same effect in 1 atm air Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Relative Biologic Effectiveness (RBE) Ability to produce biologic damage; compares radiation types/ tissue weighting factors Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NCRP National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements - issues reports for guidelines to be followed Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission - regulates nuclear power plants & other uses for nuc materials (nuc med) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Target Theory Radiation interaction with matter is RANDOM; if master molecule is destroyed, cell will die! Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Radiolysis Radiation indirect interaction with water; ionization -> HOH+ and e-; can create free radicals Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Free radicals from radiolysis Hydroxyl (OH*) can combine to make hydrogen peroxide H2O2 Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Fractionation Equal doses of radiation delivered with time interval separations (chemotherapy) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Protraction Radiation dose delivered continuously but at a lower dose rate; all at once, DEC survival Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
What is the 10 day rule? Women of childbearing age must be irradiated 10 days after period Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Definition: Genetically Significant Dose (GSD) Average annual gonadal dose to people of childbearing age Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Law of Bergonie & Tribondeau Cell radiosensitivity is affected by mitotic activity(INC), maturity(DEC), degree of specificity (DEC) Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Stages of Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) Prodromal (100+ Rad, w/in hrs) Latent (sx disappear) Manifest (symptoms return worse) Recovery/Death Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Radiation level and timeframe of death for Hematopoietic syndrome Radiation level = 100-1000 Rads Death occurs in 3-6 weeks Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Radiation level and timeframe of death for Gastrointestinal syndrome Radiation level = 1000 - 5000 Rads Death occurs in 1 week Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Radiation level and timeframe of death for Cerebrovascular syndrome Radiation level = > 5000 Rads Death occurs in hours to days Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
What are the most radiosensitive cells in the body? WBC
Order of cell type radiosensitivity from most to least WBC, RBC, Immature Reproductive Cells, Epithelial, Endothelial, Connective Tissue, Bone, Nerve, Brain Schmuck, H. (2025). RADT465 Unit 3: Conversion Activity Worksheet (Unpublished course reference). University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN.
Created by: SavHoffman25
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