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Psych Unit 11 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Attribution theory | Explanation of behavior by situation or disposition |
| Dispositional attribution | Attributing behavior to enduring traits |
| Situational attribution | Attributing behavior to a situation |
| Fundamental attribution error | Overestimating personality and underestimating situation when analyzing behavior |
| Explanatory style | The way someone creates a narrative about an event in their life |
| Actor-observer bias | The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal causes while attributing our behavior to external causes |
| Self-serving bias | The tendency to attribute out successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors |
| Confirmation bias | The tendency to look for information that supports one's preconceptions |
| Belief perseverance | The tendency to hold onto beliefs despite contradictory evidence |
| Persuasion | Attempts to convert opposition and sway the undecided |
| Peripheral route persuasion | Uses attention-getting cues to trigger emotion-based snap judgements |
| Central route persuasion | Offers evidence and arguments that trigger careful thinking |
| Foot-in-the-door phenomenon | The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request |
| Cognitive dissonance theory | The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent |
| Conformity | Adjusting our behavior or thinking toward a group standard |
| Normative social influence | Influence from desire to gain/avoid approval/disapproval |
| Informational social influence | Influence from willingness to accept others' opinions about reality |
| Social norms | Perceived rules within a group |
| Social influence theory | How individuals adapt as a result of social interactions |
| Halo effect | When one trait is used to make an overall judgement |
| Door-in-the-face technique | Persuasion tactic of asking a larger request intending to be rejected then negotiating down to what one really wanted |
| Obedience | Refers to willingness to comply with demands from others |
| Individualism | The ways in which people identify themselves and focus their goals |
| Collectivism | Gives priority to the goals of a group or society |
| Multiculturalism | The promotion of cultural diversity within a society |
| Social facilitation | Improved performance in others' prescence |
| Social loafing | Exerting less effort when in a group compared to alone |
| Deindividuation | Loss of self-awareness in a group |
| Group polarization | Enhancement of a group's inclinations within the group |
| Groupthink | Occurs when the desire for harmony in a group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives |
| Prejudice | An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members |
| Stereotypes | Generalized beliefs about a group of people |
| Discrimination | Unjustifiable behavior toward a group and its members |
| Implicit associations (AP: implicit attitudes) | Unconscious mental processes linking one thing with another |
| Just-world phenomenon | The tendency for people to believe the world is just |
| Ingroup bias | The tendency to favor our own group |
| Outgroup homogeneity bias | The tendency to assume that the members of other groups are very similar to each other |
| Ethnocentrism | The tendency to see the world through the lens of our own culture |
| Mere exposure effect | Repeated exposure to stimuli increases our liking for the stimuli |
| Altruism | Unselfish concern for the welfare of others |
| Diffusion of responsibility | The diminished sense of responsibility of those in groups |
| Bystander effect | The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present |
| Prosocial behavior | Voluntary behavior intended to benefit another |
| Social-responsibility norm | The expectation that we should help those who need our help |
| Social traps | A situation where conflicting parties engage in mutually destructive behavior by each pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group |
| Self-fulfilling prophecy | A belief that confirms itself |
| False consensus effect | The tendency to see our own attitudes, beliefs, and behavior as being typical |
| Superordinate goals | Shared goals that can only be achieved through cooperation |
Created by:
mejones
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