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Experimental Exam 2

TermDefinition
What is the reason we can't infer causality? No knowledge of temporal relationship
What are the two conditions in experimental research? Treatment and control
Experimental designs are NOT... A pre-test compared to a post-test
What is manipulation? The variation of the IV (Factor)
What is a treatment condition? The level of the IV that tests to verify if your suspect has an effect
What is a compariosn (control) condition? The level of the IV that tests to falisfy if your suspect has no effect
What do experimental studies do? Infer causality from just one observation
What must groups be within an experimental study? Equivilant
How are groups made equivilant? Random selection from a population, and random assignment from a sample
^8% of the body of a random selection from a population will always be between... -1 and 1
What are the groups people are assigned to during random assignment? A control group and a treatment group
Random assignment to groups ensures equivalency on.. Everything else
Non-equivalency of data indicates that the treatment is... Effective
What is the cause of groups not being equivalent? A design confound
Successful experimental research has high... Internal validity
What is internal validity? How valid an explanation captures reality
Experimental research has low... External validity
What is external validity? How well results apply to the outside world
Confounding variables reduce... Internal validity
What is a design confound? A varriable that accidentally varries systematically along with the IV
What is a between-subjects design? Comparison between different sample groups
What is a within-subjects design? Comparison within one sample group
What does counterbalancing do? Switches the order of the effect Ex. A then B; B then A
What is a Latin square counterbalance? When there are more then two orders
What are the pros and cons of a between-groups design? Pro - No contaimination across IV levels (They don't know what the hypothesis is) Con - Requires more people
What are the pros and cons of a within-groups design? Pro - Requires fewer people, and individuals serve as their own control Con - Potential order effects, and chance of experimental demand
What does a simple factor design consist of? Only one IV
What are potential problems with pre-test and post-test designs? Changes that occur with time, Attrition (subjects getting sick, dying, or leaving) Instrumentation decay Confusion with the study
What is the solution to potential problems with pre-test and post-test designs Always include one control condition
What problems might occur in pre-test post-test designs anyway? Observer bias, expectancy bias, and demand characteristics
What is observer bias? We might be biased to confirm our hypothesis
What is expectancy bias? Experimenter may act differently to participants depending on what group they are in
What are demand characteristics? Participants might figure out the hypothesis, conform to researcher and act to confirm the hypothesis
What is a double blind study? Neither the researcher nor the participants know which group they are in, this stops observer and expectancy bias
Insensitive (weak) measures may cause... A floor or ceiling effect
Created by: AgniLive
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