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Gas Exchange
Gas Exchange and Transport
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs? | In the alveoli. |
| What two gases are primarily exchanged in the alveoli? | Oxygen (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). |
| How does oxygen move from the alveoli into the blood? | By diffusion, moving from an area of higher concentration (alveoli) to lower concentration (blood). |
| How does carbon dioxide move from the blood into the alveoli? | By diffusion, moving from an area of higher concentration (blood) to lower concentration (alveoli). |
| What protein in red blood cells binds oxygen for transport? | Hemoglobin. |
| How is most oxygen carried in the blood? | Bound to hemoglobin within red blood cells. |
| What is the chemical name for oxygenated hemoglobin? | Oxyhemoglobin. |
| In what three ways is carbon dioxide transported in the blood? | Dissolved in plasma, bound to hemoglobin, and as bicarbonate ions |
| What enzyme helps convert carbon dioxide into bicarbonate in red blood cells? | Carbonic anhydrase. |
| What is the significance of gas exchange for cellular respiration? | Oxygen is required to produce ATP (energy) in cells, and carbon dioxide is a waste product that must be removed. |