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General Pharmacology
Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adverse drug event | Harm to a patient caused by a therapeutic or preventive intervention. It could be due to a medication error or adverse drug reaction. |
| Adverse drug reaction | An undesirable response to a drug by a patient. It may vary in severity from mild to fatal |
| Agonist | A drug that brings about a specific action by binding with the appropriate receptor |
| Antagonist | A drug that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor |
| Bioavailability | Measure of the degree to which a drug is absorbed and reaches systemic circulation. |
| Compounding | Any manipulation (e.g., diluting, combining) performed to produce a dosage-form drug, other than the manipulations described in the directions for use on the labeling of an approved drug product |
| Drug | A substance used to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease |
| Efficacy | The extent to which a drug causes the intended effects in a patient |
| Extralabel use | The use of a drug that is not specifically listed on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved label |
| First-pass effect | Some orally administered drugs are rapidly metabolized in the liver; the concentration of the drug is greatly reduced before it reaches systemic circulation |
| Half-life | The amount of time (usually expressed in hours) that it takes for the quantity of a drug in the body to be reduced by 50% |
| Legend | Legend drugs are required by law to be dispensed on or by the order of a licensed veterinarian or physician |
| Loading dose | It is an initial higher dose of a drug given at the beginning of a treatment to rapidly achieve a therapeutic concentration in the body |
| Manufacturing | The bulk production of drugs for resale outside of the veterinarian–client–patient relationship |
| Metabolism (biotransformation) | The biochemical process that alters a drug from an active form to a form that is inactive or that can be eliminated from the body |
| Over-the-counter drugs | A drug that can be purchased without a prescription; these drugs contain ingredients that are safe or have low concentrations of an active ingredient |
| Parenteral | The route of administration of injectable drugs |
| Partition coefficient | The ratio of the solubility of substances (e.g., gas anesthetics) between two states in which they may be found (e.g., blood and gas, gas and rubber goods) |
| Prescription (legend) drug | A drug that is limited to use under the supervision of a veterinarian because of potential danger, difficulty of administration, or other considerations. |
| Regimen | A program for administration of a drug that includes the route, the dose (how much), the frequency (how often), and the duration (for how long) of administration. |
| Residue | An amount of a drug still present in animal tissue or products (e.g., meat, milk, eggs) at a particular point (slaughter or collection) |
| Therapeutic index | Relationship between a drug’s ability to achieve the desired effect and its tendency to produce toxic effects |
| Veterinarian–client–patient relationship | The set of circumstances that must exist between the veterinarian, the client, and the patient before the dispensing of prescription drugs is appropriate. |
| Withdrawal time | The period of time from when the last dose of medication is administered to when the animal can be slaughtered for food or milk and eggs can be consumed safely |
Created by:
amandaabairveg
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