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Science
Populations and Communities
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| organism | A living thing. |
| habitat | An environment that provides the things a specific organism needs to live, grow, and reproduce. |
| biotic factor | A living or once living part of an organism's habitat. |
| abiotic factor | a nonliving part of an organism's habitat. |
| species | A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce. |
| population | All the members of one species living in the same area. |
| community | All the different populations that live together in a particular area. |
| ecosystem | The community of organisms that live in a particular area, along with their nonliving environment. |
| ecology | The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment. |
| birth rate | The number of births per 1,000 individuals for a certain period of time. |
| death rate | The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals for a certain period of time. |
| immigration | Movement of individuals into a population's area. |
| emigration | Movement of individuals out of a population's area. |
| population density | The number of individuals in an area of a specific size. |
| limiting factor | An environmental factor that causes a population to decrease in size. |
| carrying capacity | The largest populaton that a particular environment can support. |
| natural selection | The process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce. |
| adaptation | An inherited behavior or physical characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment. |
| niche` | How an organism makes its living and interacts with the biotic and abiotic factors in its habitat. |
| competition | THe struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources in the same place at the same time. |
| predation | An interaction in which one organism kills another for food or nutrients. |
| predator | The organism that does the killing in a predation interaction. |
| prey | An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism in a predation system. |
| symbiosis | Any relationship in which two species live closely together and that benefits at least one of the species. |
| mutualism | A type of symbiosis in which both species benefit from living together. |
| commensalism | A type of symbiosis between two species in which one species benefits and the other species is neither helped nor harmed. |
| parasitism | A type of symbiosis in which one organism lives with, on, or in a host and harms it. |
| parasite | The organism that benefits by living with, on, or in a host in a parasitism interaction. |
| host | An organism that a parasite lives with, in, or on, and provides a source of energy or a suitable environment for the parasite to live. |
| succession | The series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time. |
| primary succession | The series of changes that occur in an area where no soil or organisms exist. |
| pioneer species | The first species to populate an area during succession. |
| secondary succession | The series of changes that occur in an area where the ecosystem has been disturbed, but where soil and organisms still exist. |