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Gastro 1 & 2

BDK

Pharmacologic CategoryGeneric NameBrand NameCommon IndicationEssential Knowledge
Anticholinergic; Antispasmodic dicyclomine Bentyl IBS KSE: drowsiness, blurred vision, dizziness, xerostomia, constipation. ON: CI in GI obstruction, reflux esophagitis, acute hemorrhage with cardiac instability, obstructive uropathy, glaucoma
Corticosteroid dexamethasone DexPak, DoubleDex Inflammatory diseases, cerebral edema, CINV KSE: hyperglycemia, increased appetite w/ weight gain, depression, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) ON: risk of adrenal suppression w/ prolonged use
Corticosteroid methylprednisolone Medrol, Solu-Medrol Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout KSE: hyperglycemia, increased appetite w/ weight gain, depression, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) ON: risk of adrenal suppression w/ prolonged use
Corticosteroid prednisolone Orapred Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout KSE: hyperglycemia, increased appetite w/ weight gain, depression, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) ON: risk of adrenal suppression w/ prolonged use
Corticosteroid prednisone Deltasone, Rayos Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout KSE: hyperglycemia, increased appetite w/ weight gain, depression, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) ON: risk of adrenal suppression w/ prolonged use
Corticosteroid hydrocortisone Topical: (OTC) Cortaid; IV: Solu-Cortef Topical: inflammation, rash; PO/IV: acute illness, adrenal insufficiency KSE: hyperglycemia, increased appetite w/ weight gain, depression, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) ON: risk of adrenal suppression w/ prolonged use
Dopamine 2 antagonist metoclopramide Reglan Gastroparesis, GERD, nausea, vomiting KSE: drowsiness, dystonia, akathisia, EPS, QTc prolongation, diarrhea, hyperprolactinemia USBW: may cause tardive dyskinesia, do not use >12 weeks ON: CI w/ GI obstruction, perforation or hemorrhage
Selective serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist ondasetron Zofran, Nausea, vomiting KSE: headache, fatigue, constipation, QTc prolongation
Histamine H1 blocker promethazine Phenergan Motion sickness, nausea, vomiting KSE: drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, QTc prolongation, EPS USBW: potential for fatal respiratory depression in patients <2 yo; injection can cause peripheral extravasation (preferred parental route is IM)
Osmotic laxative lactulose Enulose, Constulose Constipation, hepatic encephalopathy KSE: abdominal cramps, abdominal distention, diarrhea, flatulence
Antidiarrheal diphenoxylate and atropine Lomotil CS-V Diarrhea KSE: nausea, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, tachycardia, urinary retention ON: do not use in diarrhea associated w/ enterotoxin-producing bacteria or in children < 6 yo
Histamine H2 antagonist famotidine Pepcid (OTC), Zantac 360 GERD, erosive esophagitis, SUP KSE: headache, constipation, diarrhea, mental status changes
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dexlansoprazole Dexilant GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP KSE: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD)
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) esomeprazole Nexium (OTC) GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP KSE: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD)
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) lansoprazole Prevacid (OTC) GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP KSE: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD)
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) omeprazole Prilosec (OTC) GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP KSE: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD)
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) pantoprazole Protonix GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP KSE: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD)
Gastrointestinal protectant sucralfate Carafate duodenal ulcers KSE: constipation, bezoar formation, ON: take on an empty stomach; many drug interactions due to reducing absorption of other drugs
Guanylate cyclase C agonist linaclotide Linzess IBS-C, opioid induced constipation KSE: diarrhea, abdominal pain. USBW: do not use in patients <2yo (risk of death due to dehydration). ON: mechanical GI obstruction
Osmotic laxative polyethylene glycol 3350 Miralax (OTC) Constipation KSE: abdominal cramping, electrolyte imbalance. ON: CI w/ bowel obstruction
Stimulant laxative senna Ex-Lax, Senokot (OTC) Constipation KSE: abdominal cramping, electrolyte imbalance
Stool softener docusate Colace (OTC) Prevent straining during defecation ON: do not use w/ mineral oil
Histamine H1 antagonist meclizine Bonine (OTC) motion sickness, vertigo KSE: drowsiness, dry mouth, blurry vision
Created by: TORICBC
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