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HEENT 1 &2
BDK
| Pharmacologic Category | Generic Name | Brand Name | Common Indication | Essential Knowledge |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha2 agonist | brimonidine | Alphagan P, Lumify (OTC) | Elevated IOP, Ocular redness | KSE: ocular hypersensitivity, drowsiness, allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pruritis ON: CI with MAOI therapy |
| Non-selective beta blocker | timolol | Timoptic, Timoptic XE, Istalol | Elevated IOP | KSE: blurred vision, ocular stinging and burning |
| Prostaglandin analog | bimatoprost | Lumigan, Latisse | Elevated OP, eyelash hypotrichosis | KSE: eyelash growth, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pruritus, iris color change, periocular hyperpigmentation, blurred vision |
| Prostaglandin analog | latanoprost | Xalatan, Xelpros, Iyuzeh | Elevated IOP | KSE: eyelash growth, conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pruritus, iris color change, periocular hyperpigmentation, blurred vision |
| Calcineurin inhibitor | cyclosporine | Restasis | Keratoconjunctivitis sicca | KSE: ocular burning, stinging, pruritus, foreign body sensation, hypersensitivity reaction |
| Pediculocide | permethrin | Nix, Elimite | Lice, Scabies | KSE: itching, burning, redness, swelling of scalp |
| Retinoic acid derivative | adapalene | Differin (OTC) | Acne | KSE: xeroderma, skin exfoliation, erythema, stinging, burning, pruritus |
| Antiseptic | chlorhexidine | Hibiclens (OTC), Peridex | Skin cleanser, periodontitis, gingivitis | KSE: dysgeusia, increased tartar formation, mouth discoloration, mouth irritation |
| Corticosteroid | clobetasol (topical) | Temovate, Clobex | Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis | KSE: burning of skin, dryness of skin, hypopigmentation, secondary infection ON: do not use for >2 weeks because it may cause adrenal suppression |
| Alpha1 agonist | pseudoephedrine | Sudafed (OTC) | nasal congestion | KSE: increased bp, tachycardia, palpitations, insomnia, restlessness ON: sold behind the counter, avoid during 1st trimester of pregnancy |
| Corticosteroid | fluticasone | Flonase (OTC) | allergic rhinitis | KSE: nasal dryness, epistaxis, nasal burning, headache |
| Corticosteroid | triamcinolone (intranasal) | Nasacort (OTC) | allergic rhinitis | KSE: nasal dryness, epistaxis, nasal burning, headache |
| Histamine 1 blocker | azelastine | Astepro (OTC) | allergic rhinitis | KSE: headache, nasal dryness, epistaxis, bitter taste, drowsiness |
| Histamine 1 blocker | diphenhydramine | Benadryl (PO; OTC) | allergic rhinitis, allergic reaction, insomnia | KSE: drowsiness, constipation, xerostomia, urinary retention, cognitive impairment ON: for OTC use, do NOT use in children <6 yo |
| Histamine 1 blocker | hydroxyzine | Atarax, Vistaril | pruritis, nausea, anxiety | KSE: dizziness, somnolence, xerostomia, blurred vision, QTc prolongation |
| Histamine 1 blocker | cetirizine | Zyrtec (OTC) | allergic rhinitis | KSE: drowsiness, dizziness, headache |
| Histamine 1 blocker | loratadine | Claritin (OTC) | allergic rhinitis | KSE: drowsiness, dizziness, headache |
| Histamine 1 blocker | fexofenadine | Allegra (OTC) | allergic rhinitis | KSE: drowsiness, dizziness, headache |
| Histamine 1 blocker | olopatadine | Pataday, Patanol (OTC) | allergic conjunctivitis | KSE: ocular burning, discomfort, dryness |
| Histamine 1 blocker and opioid analgesic | promethazine and codeine | Phenergan with Codeine (CS-V) | cough | KSE:dizziness, somnolence, xerostomia, blurred vision, constipation, resp. depression BW:opioids w/ benzos or CNS depressants (including alcohol), may result in profound sedation, resp. depression, coma/death, ON:dont use for pt <18yo |
| Opioid analgesic and expectorant | codeine and guaifenesin | Robitussin AC, Cheratussin AC (CS-V) | cough | KSE: dizziness, somnolence, constipation, respiratory depression (dose-related) ON: no longer used in pt < 18yo |
| Antitussive | detromethorphan | Delsym (OTC) | cough | KSE: nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation ON: CI within 14 days of MAOI |
| Antitussive | benzonatate | Tessalon Perles | cough | KSE: sedation, nasal congestion, chills, chest numbness, bronchospasm ON: do not break capsule because it may cause choking |
| Expectorant | guaifenesin | Mucinex, Robitussin, Robafen (OTC) | cough | KSE: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, diarrhea, stomach pain |
| Histamine 1 blocker | levocertirizine | Xyzal (OTC) | allergic rhinitis | KSE: diarrhea, drowsiness, headache |